FAITH IN BUDDHISM SERIES EDITOR: IMRE HAMAR FAITH IN BUDDHISM EDITED BY IMRE HAMAR, TAKAMI INOUE INSTITUTE FOR EAST ASIAN STUDIES, EÖTVÖS LORÁND UNIVERSITY BUDAPEST 2016 The present volume was published with the support of the Komatsu Chiko Foundation, the Khyentse Foundation and the Shin Buddhist Comprehensive Research Institute, Otani University To the memory of Archbishop-Nun KOMATSU Chiko of Jakkoin Buddhist Temple © Imre Hamar (ed.), 2016 © Takami Inoue (ed.), 2016 ISBN 978-963-284-715-3 ISSN 1787-7482 Cover Art: A Painting of the Mahābodhi Stūpa and the Bodhi Tree at Bodhgaya by Rev. Chikō Komatsu CONTENTS List of Authors...................................................................................................................... vi Preface by Takami Inoue ...................................................................................................vii Preface by Imre Hamar ....................................................................................................... ix Kiyotaka Kimura: The Meaning and Perspective of Buddhist Studies: With Special Reference to Faith ............................................................................. 1 Akihiro Oda: The Concept of “Faith” in the Discourse on the Awakning of Mahayana Faith ...................................................................... 7 Gergely Hidas: References to Faith in Dhāraṇī Literature ............................................. 15 Erzsébet Tóth: The Concept of Tibetan Dad-pa (Faith) in Lam-rim (Stages of the Path to Enlightenment) .................................................................. 25 Alexa Péter: The Two Basic Texts on Faith in the Tibetan Bka’-gdams-pa School .......................................................................................... 39 Melinda Pap: The Concept of Faith in Zhanran’s Diamond Scalpel Treatise ................ 49 Gábor Kósa: “Trusting Words” in Pre-Buddhist Chinese Texts ...................................... 67 Imre Hamar: Faith, Practice and Enlightenment in the Avataṃsaka-sūtra and the Huayan School .......................................................................................... 93 Takami Inoue: A Genealogy of Other-Power Faith: From Śākyamuni to Shinran ............................................................................... 119 Robert F. Rhodes: Faith and Practice in the Ōjōyōshū ................................................... 135 Kiyotaka Kimura: Faith and Enlightenment in Dōgen’s Shōbōgenzō .......................... 153 Myōshin Fujitake: The Faith Elucidated by Shinran: The Faith of Amida’s Directing of Virtue ........................................................... 165 Michael Conway: Dharmākara as the Subject, Not Object of Faith: The Reinterpretation of Amida’s Causal Phase in Modern Shin Thought ....... 177 Ágnes Birtalan: The Objectification of Faith and Rational Choice: The Role of Sacred Images in Mongolian Buddhist Folk Religion .................. 189 Melinda Papp: Some Reflections on the Use of the Concepts of “Religious Consciousness,” “Faith,” and “Religion” in the Cultural Context of Japan ..... 205 Mónika Kiss: Buddhist Ancestor Worship at Home through the Sacred Place of the Butsudan ~ Faith at Home ~ ..................................................................... 219 LIST OF AUTHORS Ágnes BIRTALAN Mónika KISS Professor of Mongolian Studies PhD Student of Japanese Studies Eötvös Loránd University Eötvös Loránd University [email protected], [email protected] [email protected] Gábor KÓSA Michael CONWAY Associate Professor of Chinese Studies Lecturer of Shin Buddhist Studies Eötvös Loránd University Otani University [email protected] [email protected] Akihiro ODA Myōshin FUJITAKE Professor of Buddhist Studies Professor of Shin Buddhist Studies Otani University Otani University [email protected] [email protected] Melinda PAP Imre HAMAR Assistant Professor of Chinese Studies Professor of Chinese Studies Eötvös Loránd University Eötvös Loránd University [email protected] [email protected] Melinda PAPP (PAPPOVA) Gergely HIDAS Assistant Professor of Japanese Studies Indologist Eötvös Loránd University Postdoctoral researcher, [email protected] The British Museum [email protected] Alexa PÉTER Assistant Professor of Tibetan Studies Takami INOUE Eötvös Loránd University Professor of Shin Buddhist Studies [email protected] Otani University [email protected] Robert F. RHODES Professor of Buddhist Studies Kiyotaka KIMURA Otani University Professor of Buddhist Studies [email protected] Professor Emeritus of Tokyo University Former President of Tsurumi University Erzsébet TÓTH [email protected] Assistant Professor of Tibetan Studies Eötvös Loránd University [email protected] vi Preface The sixteen papers included in this volume were originally presented at the international symposium entitled “Faith in Buddhism,” which was held on October 26 and 27, 2013, at Eötvös Loránd University in Budapest, jointly organized by the Institute of East Asian Studies, Eötvös Loránd University, and the Shin Buddhist Comprehensive Research Institute, Otani University in Kyoto. The two universities concluded an academic exchange agreement on October 15, 2007, and the symposium at ELTE in 2013 was a milestone in the continuing collaboration between the two institutions. It is our great pleasure to present the fruits of this endeavor here as the first volume in a series of Studies in Buddhism, Budapest Monographs in East Asian Studies. The theme “Faith in Buddhism” may need some clarification at the out- set. The organizers and participants of the symposium, many of whom were non-native speakers of English, are aware that the English word faith has im- plications that differ from its equivalents in Asian languages, such as śraddhā (Sanskrit), saddhā (Pāli), dad-pa (Tibetan), bisirel (Mongolian), and xin 信 (Chinese), sin (Korean), shin (Japanese), and that there have been numerous debates over whether the use of this English word for the translation of the Buddhist term is appropriate or not. However, concerning this, we take the position represented by Professor Luis O. Gómez in the Encyclopedia of Bud- dhism that, with proper attention to contexts and the awareness of cultural differences, faith can be used as a descriptive, analytical, or comparative tool in the understanding of Buddhist ideas and practices. The methodological issues, including the problems of translation and the diversity of Buddhist traditions, are discussed in the opening article by Profes- sor Kiyotaka Kimura, emeritus professor of the University of Tokyo, entitled the “Meaning and Perspective of Buddhist Studies—With Special Reference to Faith,” which was based on his keynote address that set the scope and di- rection of the symposium. As you can see by taking a glance at the table of contents, the extent of this volume is quite broad, reflecting the historical diversity of Buddhist traditions vii in Asia as well as the wide range of research in which the contributors engage. Geographically, it covers India, Tibet, Mongolia, China, and Japan, and his- torically, from Śākyamuni’s days to the present. By focusing on the Buddhist concept of faith and its related ideas and practices, the papers collectively present a relatively coherent picture of Buddhism, which has not been repre- sented adequately in Buddhist Studies in the West. The strength of this volume derives from the international cooperation between our two universities. While Eötvös Loránd University has a distin- guished tradition of Tibetan, Mongolian and Chinese studies based on modern philological and anthropological methods, Otani University has a long tradi- tion of normative, sectarian study of Jōdo Shinshū (Shin Buddhism) as well as modern Buddhist Studies. The symposium provided a good opportunity for scholars belonging to these two institutions to discuss Buddhism in a fresh perspective under the guidance and encouragement of the learned Professor Kiyotaka Kimura. This cooperation resulted in a positive blending of a nor- mative, subjective approach and modern scientific attitudes that reinforce one another. It was the tremendous efforts and enthusiasm of Professor Imre Hamar, the director of the Institute of East Asian Studies, Professor Masanori Yamaji, the former head of the Japanese Department, and others at Eötvös Loránd Uni- versity that made the symposium such a success, leading to this publication. Representing the International Buddhist Studies Group in the Shin Buddhist Comprehensive Research Institute of Otani University, I would like to express our deepest gratitude to them. Our thanks are also due to the generous grant from the Komatsu Chikō Foundation and the Khyentse Foundation that sup- ported the conference and this publication. As a co-editor of this volume, I would like to thank all the contributors for their cooperation and patience through the lengthy process to the publication stage. In closing, I need to acknowledge also the professional work of Dylan Luers, M.A. in Buddhist Studies at Otani’s graduate school, who took charge of proofreading and copy-editing all the papers in this volume as a native speaker of English. Takami Inoue viii Preface As Professor Inoue wrote in his preface, this volume is a result of the academ- ic cooperation between Otani University and Eötvös Loránd University. How- ever, it is only one of the outcomes of this very fruitful cooperation and of the friendship that has grown up between