Index acetylcholine 1-3 biogenic amines 124-6 release of 3-4; responses of see also monoamines cultured neurones to 246-9; quantitative measurement of uptake in cultured neurones 129-31 243-4 black widow spider venom 272-5 acetylcholine receptor crustacean specific factors 296-8 mixed type 26; muscarinic 20-6 botulinum toxin 4 distinction between M J and M2 Bracon venom 265-7 23; drug specificity 20-6; purification oftoxins 266-7 structure of 22 abungarotoxin (BGT) 13-17, 247, nicotinic 4, 8-20 263 drug sensitivity of 11-18; effects j3bungarotoxin 261-2 of toxins on 263; genetics of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) 6 19-20; immunological see also cholinesterase, properties of 10-11; location acetylcholinesterase, of 8-9; on cultured neurones pseudocholinesterase 247, 249; structure of 9-11 acetylcholinesterase (AChE) 6-8 CAAT boxes 198 see also cholinesterase, cage convulsants 111 pseudocholinesterase, calcium channel toxins 260-1 butyrlcholinesterase isoenzymes calmodulin 21, 147, 155 of 7 catecholamines see monoamines aconitine 258-9 catechol-O-methyl transferase adenylate cyclase 20-1, 145, 147-50 (COMT) 139-41 adipokinetic hormone see AKH charatoxin 17 AKH 185-7, 211, 215 charybdotoxin 260 y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) 90-2 choline 8 in cultured neurones 244-6; uptake in cultured neurones 243-4 responses of cultured neurones choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) 4-5 to 249; synthesis of 93-9; antibodies to 5 uptake systems 101-5 cholinesterase (ChE) 5-8 y-aminobutyric acid receptor 105-13 see also acetylcholinesterase, bicuculline sensitivity of 107-8; pseudocholinesterase, interaction with pesticides butyry1cholinesterase 113-14; on cultured neurones ciguatoxin 260 109 COMT see catechol-O-methyl 4-aminobutyrate-2-oxoglutamate transferase transaminase (GABA-T) 99-101 conotoxins 263-2 anatoxin-a 15 crotoxin 261-2 apamin 260 crustacean hyperglycaemic hormone aromatic aminoacid decarboxylase (CHH) 212 136-8 cyclic AMP 147-50, 154-6, 211-12 cyclic GMP 150-1, 212 bag cell peptide (BCP) 195-7, 213 DARPP see dopamine and adenosine batrachotoxin 258-9 3' ;5' -monophosphate-regulated BCP see bag cell peptide phosphorylation benzodiazepine receptors 110-11 dendrotoxin 4 325 INDEX L-dopa 135-5 maitotoxin 260-1 dopamine 134-8 MAO see monoamine oxidase stimulation of adenylate cyclase N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) 73, 148-9 75 dopamine and adenosine monoamine oxidase 139-42 3' :5' -monophosphate-regulated monoamines phosphorylation (DARPP) 160-1 biosynthesis of 133-9; effects of reserpine 132; inactivation of egg laying hormone see ELH 139-42; storage and release of ELH (egg laying hormone) 193-8, 131-2; synaptic location 127-9; 213 uptake systems 139 genetic aspects 194-8 MRCH (melanisation and reddish enkephalins 191 colouration hormone) 189 FMR Famide 187, 211-12, 213 nemertine venoms 300-4 . genetic aspects 199-200 nereistoxin 17 neuromodulators 126-7 G-proteins 20-1 neuronal cell culture see also acetylcholine receptor of Aplysia californica 232-3; of muscarinic Drosophila 228-30; electrical C .\BA see aaminobutyric acid properties of cells 235-8; of GABA-T see Helisoma trivolvis 230; of 4-aminobutyrate-2-oxoglutarate Hirudo medicinalis 230-2; transaminase neurite outgrowth 233-5; of GAD see glutamate decarboxylase Periplaneta americana 228-30; glutamate 42-3 synapse formation 239-43 in subcellular fractions 55-6, 63; neuronal growth factors 233-5 localisation of uptake 53-4; neuropeptidases 214-15 release of 57-65; synthesis of neuropeptides 176-7 44-8; uptake 48-58 assay of 201-3; co-localisation with glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) 94-9 other transmitters 208-9; effects invertebrate-vertebrate on cyclic AMP 211-12; families comparisons 97-8; purification of 185-7; immunochemistry of of 94-6 205-6; inactivation of 214-15; glutamate receptors 65-77 localisation of 203-5; receptors classification of 67; desensitisation for 209-11; sequencing of of 76-7; effects of toxins 264-5; 178-85 in central nervous system 68-70; neurotoxins in muscle 70-7; sub-populations species selectivity 306-8; see also of 73-4 individual toxins guanylate cyclase 150-1 nicotine 15-17 NMDA see N-methyl-D-aspartate haemocytes notexin 261-2 glutamate content of 49 haemolymph octopamine 133-7 glutamate content of 49-50 receptor sites 144, 148-50; histrionicotoxin (HTX) 11-12, 17 stimulation 0 adenylate cyclase Hydra head activating peptide 190-1 147-8; stimulation of protein inositol triphosphate 151-3,213 phosphorylation 161 insulin 188, 210-11 opioid peptides 210-11 latrotoxin 262-3, 274-5 pertussis toxin 152 326 INDEX philanthotoxin 76, 270-2 depressant 282-3; excitatory Philanthus venom 267-72 277-82 phosphatidyl inositol 20-1, 147, 151-3 mode of action 280-2 stimulated hydrolysis of 147 target site for 286-90 phosphodiesterase 20-1 sea anemone toxins 259-60 phospholipase A2 toxins 261-3 crustacean specific factors 298-300 photoreceptors 152-3 second messengers 144-6, 211-13 picrotoxin receptor 111 serotonin 138-9 potassium channel toxins 260 in cultured neurones 241, 244; proctolin 191-2, 208-9, 211, 215 receptors for 144; responses of protein kinase C 159 cultured neurones to 249-51; protein kinases 147 stimulation of adenylate cyclase Ca++ / calmodulin dependent 148 157-8; cyclic AMP dependent sodium channel toxins 257-60 153-6; cyclic GMP dependent spider toxins 76 156-7 see also black widow spider venom prothoracicotrophic hormone see synapsin 154, 157-8, 160 PTfH synaptosomes 3-4, 8, 64, 104-5, 132 pseudocholinesterase 6 see also acetylcholinesterase, taipoxin 261-2 cholinesterase TATA boxes 198 PTTH (prothoracicotrophic hormone) tetrodotoxin (TTX) 257-8 189-90 tyramine 134-7 tyramine 13 hydroxylase 138 scorpion toxins 259-60, 276-7, 284-5 chactoid group 283-4, 294-6; veratridine 258-9 crustacean specific 291-4; VIP 191, 192 327 .