Music in the early years: Research, Theory and Practice Proceedings of the 13th International ISME Early Childhood Music Education Commission Seminar July 14-19, 2008 Centro Giovanni XIII, Frascati, Rome, Italy i ISBN ????????????? © ISME - International Society for Music Education ii ECME – Early Childhood Music natural absorption of the practices and Education Commission values of a culture); compare and The Early Childhood Commission of discuss similarities and differences in the International Society for Music music instruction and music learning Education was founded in 1982. across cultures; The intent of this Commission is to 5. To examine issues which are further the quality of research and of importance to the future of music in scholarship in the field of early the lives of young children such as the childhood music education and, influence of mass media and through that, to stimulate thought and technology; the rapid change of the practice of music in early society; the role of the family in childhood throughout the world. The musical development; the role of Commission offers a cultural culture and schooling in musical framework through which ideas are development; and preservation of shared. cultural traditions in the light of the breakdown of cultural barriers. The goals of the ISME Early Childhood Commission are to: 1. To promote music in the COMMISSIONERS 2006-2008 lives of young children, regardless of Dr Sven-Erik Holgersen– Chair talent, to create an enhanced Associate Professor environment that will result in the Department of Curriculum well-being and development of the Research/Music Education whole child; The Danish University of Education, 2. To provide an international Institute for Curriculum Research forum for the exchange of ideas Copenhagen, Denmark regarding music and the young child, birth to age eight (and even pre-birth, Dr Claudia Gluschankof as more scientific knowledge becomes available in this area); Coordinator of Studies at the School of Music, 3. To stimulate the growth of quality music instruction, teacher Head of Music & Movement Studies at the Early Childhood Department training and research in musical development and instruction with the Levinsky College of Education, young child; Tel-Aviv, Israel 4. To learn ways that various cultures approach musical enculturation in the young child (i.e. iii Dr Beatriz Ilari Assistant Professor Federal University of Paraná, Dr Diane Cummings Persellin Curitiba, Brazil Professor of Music Education Trinity University, San Antonio, Dr Jennifer C. Y. Leu Texas, USA Assistant Professor Department of Music Dr Louie Suthers National Kaohsiung Normal Honorary Associate University, Institute of Early Childhood Taiwan, China Macquarie University Sydney, Australia From the Editor … Every two years the ECME [Early Childhood Music Education] Commission of ISME holds a seminar for early childhood music educators. We meet to discuss research, theory and practice of music education for young children from birth (and before) to eight years of age. This July, 2008 our meeting in Frascati, Rome is the 13th International seminar. Our participants will arrive from five continents. We received over 70 submissions to present at the ECME seminar. Our exciting program features research papers, practical workshops and posters that will highlight a range of topical issues, concerns, interests and perspectives. We are certain that the program will interest, inspire, challenge you as participants. We hope that the program will be much dialogue, discussion and exchange of ideas. The full texts of the papers and abstracts of workshops and posters of these proceedings were subject to anonymous review. The ECME Commissioners would like to thank our hosts the Scuola Popolare di Musica Donna Olimpia for their generous hospitality. Lastly, thank you, participants, for making this seminar a priority in your lives. We know that many of you made considerable sacrifices to be here – your contributions to the discourse of early childhood research, theory and practice are invaluable! Louie Suthers, PhD Editor iv v TABLE OF CONTENTS KEYNOTE Susan Young Musical childhoods: Diversity, disparity and digital p.3 technologies PAPERS Anna Rita Addessi Young children’s musical experiences during daily p.7 routines Elizabeth J.A. Pedagogy in music education in Kenyan preschools: p.9 Andang’o Music education from the perspective of generalist teachers Paola Anselmi Music for three year olds: What a problem p.12 Sophie Bell Retrieval of being in early childhood music education, p.16 the implication of music and presence of the self for professional and curriculum development Parents’ conferences in early childhood music learning p.22 Ricardo Dourado Freire process: A case study & Sandra Ferraz Freire Elizabeth Scott Hall Mothers too: The effects of a music project on p.26 participants in an inner city area of social and financial deprivation Lily Chen-Hafteck & Observing the Musical Experiences of Young Children p.30 Lyn Schraer-Joiner with Hearing Loss Michal Hefer, Zalman Music cognition: When does it start? p.35 Weitraub & Veronika Cohen Sven-Erik Holgersen Music teacher training in Denmark p.40 Theano Koutsoupidou Initial music education of nursery teachers: What do p.43 they ask for and what do they receive? Elizabeth Mackinley Singing maternity: Making visible the musical worlds of p.49 mothers and their children Stuart Manins & The bigger picture p.54 Charlotte Fröhlich Diane Cummings Teaching songs to young children: Does the p.58 Persellin & Laura Kerr phrase-by-phrase method produce more accurate Bateman singing than the whole-song method? Patricia A. St John From swinging on a star to childhood chants: p.62 Infants and seniors create intergenerational counterpoint Avra Pieridou-Skoutella Small musical worlds: In touch with young Greek Cypriot p.62 children’s musical lives vi Alison Street & Susan Music with children under two: Working towards p.75 Young appropriate practice with parents and carers Playing with Diversity: young children and music in an p.80 Aleksandra Vuvkovic, Australian child care centre Berenice Nyland & Jill Ferris WORKSHOPS Lori A. Custodero & Teachers as researchers: The use of video analysis p.89 Zhuoya Xu in early childhood music educator preparation Amanda Niland The musical engagement of young children p.90 with special needs Linda Bance Voiceplay p.92 Soili Perkio Music in the home: The secret of traditional p.93 children’s songs and games Jolanta Kalandyk- Music activities fostering initiative and leadership of p.94 Gallagher young children: the important social skills in everyday life Margré van Gestel Workshop: Educating the voice of young children p.97 POSTERS Judith Bell & Tim Bell Extending musically gifted pre-school children p.102 Laura Habegger Becoming gifted: Follow up research about the effects of p.102 early training on the musical development, step one Hilree J. Hamilton Teaching and learning in preschool music: A methods p.103 class pre-service field experience Chee-Hoo Lum Music in the home: Snapshots of a Chinese family in p.103 Singapore Young-Youn Kim Retraining program for the preschool teachers with p.104 high music teaching efficacy belief Teresa Malagarriga Didactic materials to facilitate musical communication p.105 Rovira & Jèssica Pérez among children aged 0 – 3 years: A study to assess Moreno their impact in early learning centres Sini Nykänen & Riitta The Finnish early childhood music tradition focusing on p.106 Jauhiainen the method: From story through dance to music - TaTaMus Paula Pecker, Patrícia Music in the early childhood: A case study p.107 Kebach, Rosângela Duarte & Flávia Rizzon João Pedro Reigado, Acoustical analysis of 9 to 11 months infants’ p.107 António Rocha & vocalizations submitted to musical and linguistic Helena Rodrigues stimulus José Retra Developmental aspects of movement representation p.108 of musical activities of preschool children in a Dutch music education setting Pamela Stover Music counts: International counting games, songs, p.108 chants, rhymes and books Julie Wylie The art of musical play: Musical parenting in action p.109 vii Zenda Nel A trans-cultural approach to Western Classical music p.110 Kaarina Marjanen The Belly-Button Chord: Musical experiences p.110 during pregnancy and their effect on mother-child interdependency Beth Rankin Music in the Home p.111 Beth Rankin & Julie Songs and dances: Mothers’ love p.111 Logan Marta Hernandez- The effects of integrating music and physical education p.112 Candelas & José in early elementary school children in their creativity and Betancourt skill development Musical parenting of infants revisited: An interview study p.112 Beatriz Ilari, Auro Moura with Brazilian mothers and fathers & Luís Bourscheidt Esther Beyer & Children’s musical discoveries: observations about the p.114 Rosangela Duarte Brazilian project - “Música para Bebês” The influence of the school and the family on young p.115 Vivian Dell’ Agnolo children's singing Barbosa & Beatriz Ilari viii ix KEYNOTE 1 Proceedings of ECME [Early Childhood Music Education] Commission13th International Seminar of ISME [International Society for Music Education] Music in the early years: Research, Theory and Practice: 14-19 July 2008,Centro Giovanni XIII, Frascati, Rome, Italy L. Suthers (Ed) - 2 - Proceedings of ECME [Early Childhood Music Education] Commission13th International Seminar of ISME [International Society for Music Education] Music in the early years: Research, Theory and Practice: 14-19