United States United States Department of Department Agriculture of the Interior Soil Survey of Natural National Park Wupatki National Resources Service Conservation Service Monument, Arizona How To Use This Soil Survey General Soil Map The general soil map, which is a color map, shows the survey area divided into groups of associated soils called general soil map units. This map is useful in planning the use and management of large areas. Detailed Soil Maps The detailed soil maps can be useful in planning the use and management of small areas. To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the Index to Map Sheets. Note the number of the map sheet and go to that sheet. Locate your area of interest on the map sheet. Note the map unit symbols that are in that area. Go to the Contents, which lists the map units by symbol and name and shows the page where each map unit is described. The Contents shows which table has data on a specific land use for each detailed soil map unit. Also see the Contents for sections of this publication that may address your specific needs. i National Cooperative Soil Survey This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 2012. Soil names and descriptions were approved in February 2013. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in this publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 2013. This survey was made cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service and the National Park Service. The soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of these maps, however, could cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged, the maps do not show the small areas of contrasting soils that could have been shown at a larger scale. Literature Citation The correct citation for this survey is as follows: United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, and United States Department of the Interior, National Park Service. 2015. Soil survey of Wupatki National Monument, Arizona. (Accessible online at: http://soils.usda.gov/survey/printed_surveys/) Cover Caption Wupatki Basin and Doney Cliffs as seen from the Visitor Center at Wupatki National Monument. Shallow and moderately deep soils in the foreground are in map unit 112 (Moenkopie-Typic Haplocambids complex, 1 to 12 percent slopes). The moderately deep Typic Haplocambids generally occur in lower-lying areas where tephra accumulates and is protected from erosion. Beyond the rocks in the near foreground is an area of map unit 116 (Rock outcrop-Typic Torriorthents-Heiser association, 3 to 40 percent slopes) (not seen in photo). This is the canyon-forming map unit that covers much of Deadman Wash. The long escarpment in the background is Doney Cliffs, in an area of map unit 108 (Meriwhitica-Rock outcrop complex, 7 to 68 percent slopes). Additional information about the Nation’s natural resources is available online from the Natural Resources Conservation Service at http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/. iii Nondiscrimination Statement The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, whether all or part of an individual’s income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information. The Department prohibits discrimination in employment or in any program or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or employment activities.) If you wish to file an employment complaint, you must contact your agency’s EEO Counselor (http://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/33081.wba) within 45 days of the date of the alleged discriminatory act, event, or personnel action. Additional information can be found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_file.html. If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, found online at http://www.ascr.usda. gov/complaint_filing_cust.html or at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter by email to program.intake@usda. gov or by mail to: USDA Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20250-9410 If you are deaf, are hard of hearing, or have speech disabilities and you wish to file either an EEO or program complaint, please contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339 or (800) 845-6136 (in Spanish). If you have other disabilities and wish to file a program complaint, please see the contact information above. If you require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.), please contact USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). iv Contents How To Use This Soil Survey ......................................................................................i Foreword ...................................................................................................................... ix Introduction ...................................................................................................................1 General Nature of the Park ........................................................................................3 Major Land Resource Areas ..................................................................................3 Physiography .........................................................................................................4 Climate ...................................................................................................................4 How This Survey Was Made ......................................................................................5 Describing Soil Profiles ..........................................................................................6 General Soil Map Units ................................................................................................7 Soils within the 6- to 10-inch (15- to 25-cm) precipitation zone .................................7 1—Nalakihu consociation .......................................................................................7 2—Moenkopie-Shinume-Rock outcrop association ................................................8 3—Rock outcrop-Torriorthents-Heiser association ..................................................9 4—Miburn-Cambidic Haplodurids complex .............................................................9 5—Moenkopie-Typic Haplocambids-Miburn association ......................................10 Soils within the 10- to 14-inch (25- to 35-cm) precipitation zone .............................11 6—Flaco-Lava flows association ...........................................................................11 7—Peshlaki-Chedeski-Rock outcrop association .................................................12 8—Bighawk-Flaco-Tsosie association ...................................................................13 9—Bighawk family-Vitrandic Torriorthents association..........................................14 Detailed Soil Map Units ..............................................................................................15 100—Bighawk gravelly sandy loam, 1 to 5 percent slopes ......................................16 101—Bighawk family gravelly sand, 2 to 11 percent slopes ....................................22 102—Chedeski very gravelly sandy loam, 0 to 6 percent slopes .............................27 103—Flaco extremely gravelly coarse sand, 1 to 3 percent slopes .........................32 104—Flaco-Lava flows complex, 1 to 18 percent slopes .........................................38 105—Flaco-Pocum complex, 1 to 3 percent slopes .................................................45 106—Gish very gravelly coarse sand, 0 to 0.4 percent slopes ................................55 107—Ives-Riverwash complex, rarely flooded, 1 to 5 percent slopes .....................61 108—Meriwhitica-Rock outcrop complex, 7 to 68 percent slopes ...........................67 109—Miburn coarse sand, 1 to 10 percent slopes ...................................................73 110—Miburn-Cambidic Haplodurids complex, 1 to 8 percent slopes .......................78 111—Miburn-Heiser-Lava flows complex, 4 to 45 percent slopes............................89 112—Moenkopie-Typic Haplocambids complex, 1 to 6 percent slopes ...................99 113—Moenkopie-Rock outcrop complex, 1 to 14 percent slopes ..........................109 114—Nalakihu loamy sand, 0 to 4 percent slopes .................................................115 115—Peshlaki-Rock outcrop complex, 1 to 11 percent slopes ..............................120 116—Rock outcrop-Typic Torriorthents-Heiser association, 3 to 40 percent slopes ..............................................................................................................125