“No two flights are ever the same...” The Spitfire MKI/II Accu-Sim Expansion Pack About This Manual While much of the information in this manual is basic to many of our readers, we assume that the reader has no knowledge of combustion engine theory. This manual is for everyone, and uses colo,rful illustrations to teach the basics. The Accu-Sim system, however, is not basic, but is programmed with advanced physics which the professional pilot will appreciate. If you are an advanced pilot, you can likely just briefly skim over the contents of this manual; however, if you are eager to learn a bit about how a great big radial engine works, welcome and read on. Table of Contents Chapter 1: Welcome...............................................................................................................................................................................................1 Installation.........................................................................................................................................................................................................1 Refer to Your A2A Simulations Spitfire Pilot’s Manual...................................................................................................................................1 Designer's Notes................................................................................................................................................................................................2 The A2A Simulations Spitfire Accu-Sim Expansion Pack Features ................................................................................................................3 Chapter 2: Accu-Sim and the Combustion Engine................................................................................................................................................5 The Combustion Engine....................................................................................................................................................................................5 Overview of How the Engine Works and Creates Power..................................................................................................................................5 Air Temperature............................................................................................................................................................................................8 Mixture.........................................................................................................................................................................................................9 The Mixture Lever......................................................................................................................................................................................10 Induction.....................................................................................................................................................................................................11 Manifold Pressure = Air Pressure...............................................................................................................................................................12 Supercharging.............................................................................................................................................................................................13 Supercharging Heats The Air......................................................................................................................................................................15 Ignition........................................................................................................................................................................................................16 Engine Temperature....................................................................................................................................................................................17 CHT (Cylinder Head Temperature) ...........................................................................................................................................................18 Lubrication System (Oil)............................................................................................................................................................................19 More Cylinders, More Power.....................................................................................................................................................................20 The Pratt & Whitney R4360.......................................................................................................................................................................21 Torque vs Horsepower................................................................................................................................................................................22 Chapter 3: Accu-Sim and the Supermarine Spitfire.............................................................................................................................................23 Accu-Sim Expansion Pack..............................................................................................................................................................................24 What is the philosophy behind Accu-Sim?.....................................................................................................................................................24 Actions Lead to Consequences........................................................................................................................................................................24 Your Aircraft Talks..........................................................................................................................................................................................25 Be Prepared – Stay Out of Trouble.................................................................................................................................................................25 Key Things to Keep Engine Temperatures in Check......................................................................................................................................26 Engine Priming................................................................................................................................................................................................26 Engine Starters ..............................................................................................................................................................................................27 Manifold Pressure............................................................................................................................................................................................28 Oil Pressure.....................................................................................................................................................................................................29 i Pneumatic System...........................................................................................................................................................................................29 Landing Gear...................................................................................................................................................................................................31 Flaps................................................................................................................................................................................................................31 Oxygen and Hypoxia.......................................................................................................................................................................................32 Auto Mixture...................................................................................................................................................................................................33 Coolant and Oil Temperature..........................................................................................................................................................................34 Persistent Aircraft............................................................................................................................................................................................35 Electrical System and Battery.........................................................................................................................................................................35 Sounds Generated by Physics..........................................................................................................................................................................37 Gauge Physics ...............................................................................................................................................................................................37 Propellers.........................................................................................................................................................................................................38 The Airfoil: How a wing creates lift..........................................................................................................................................................39