STATISTICAL TABLE NoTES Columns (1) and (2). Figures refer to trade unions with headquarters in Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Sources : Committee on Industry and Trade, Survey of Industrial Relations (H.M.S.O., 1926) ; Ministry of Labour Gazette; Employment and Productivity Gazette; Department of Employment Gazette. Columns (3) and (4). Figures for 1893 and 1894 are slightly inflated owing to inclusion ofaffiliated trades councils. Figures for 1913 are not available owing to the cancellation of the 1914 Congress. Source: T.U.C. Annual Reports. Columns (5) and (6). Figures refer to Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Sources: As for Columns (1) and (2). 301 I (I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) I Total No. of Total No. of No. of Aggregate No. of Total No. of Total No. of Trade Unions Trade-Union Stoppages Working Days lost by Year Trade Unions Trade-Union affiliated to Members beginning Stoppages in progress Members T.U.C. affiliated in Year in Year to T.U.C. 1893 1279 1,559,ooo 179 1,1oo,ooo 599 30,440,000 1894 1314 1,530,000 170 1,000,000 903 9,51o,ooo 1895 1340 1,504,000 178 1,o76,ooo 728 5·700,000 1896 1358 1,6o8,ooo 18o 1,093,191 906 3,56o,ooo 1897 1353 1,731,000 188 I, 184,241 848 10,330,000 1898 1326 1,752,000 181 1,200,000 695 15,26o,ooo 1,91 I,ooo 184 1,250,000 710 2,5oo,ooo ~ 1899 1325 2,022,000 1,200,000 3,09o,ooo "' 1900 1323 191 633 1901 1322 2,025,000 198 1,400,000 631 4·130,000 1902 1297 2,013,000 204 1,5oo,ooo 432 3·440,000 1903 1285 1,994,000 212 1,422,518 380 2,320,000 1904 1256 1,967,000 205 1,541,000 346 1,46o,ooo 1905 1244 '·997,000 226 1,555,ooo 349 2,370,000 1906 1282 2,210,000 236 1,700,000 479 3,020,000 1907 1283 2,513,000 214 1,777,000 585 2,150,000 1908 1268 2,485,000 219 1,705,000 389 10,790,000 1909 126o 2,477,000 212 1,647.715 422 2,69o,ooo 1910 126g 2,565,000 202 1,662,133 521 9.870,000 1911 1290 3,139,000 201 2,001,633 872 10,16o,ooo 1912 1252 3,416,ooo 207 2,232,446 834 40,89o,ooo 1913 1269 4,135,000 - - 1459 9,8oo,ooo 1914 1260 4·145,000 215 2,682,357 972 9,88o,ooo 1915 1229 4·359,000 227 2,850,547 672 2,95o,ooo 1916 1225 4.644,000 235 3,082,352 532 2,450,000 1917 1241 5o499o000 262 4·532,085 730 5.650,000 1918 1264 6,533,000 266 5,283,676 1165 5,88o,ooo 1919 136o 7,926,ooo 215 6,505,482 1352 34.970,000 1920 1384 8,348,ooo 213 6,417,910 16Cl7 26,57o,ooo 1921 1275 6,633,000 206 5,128,648 763 85,87o,ooo 1922 1232 5,625,000 194 4.369,268 576 19,85o,ooo 1923 1192 5·429,000 203 4·328,325 628 10,67o,ooo 1924 1194 5.544,000 205 4.350,982 710 8,420,000 1925 1176 5.5o6,ooo 207 4,365,619 6o3 7,95o,ooo 1926 1164 5,219,000 204 4,163,994 323 162,230,000 w 0 1927 1159 4·919,000 196 3.874,842 308 1,170,000 w 1928 1142 4,8o6,ooo 202 3.673,144 302 1,390,000 1929 1133 4,858,ooo 210 3o744o320 431 8,29o,ooo 1930 1121 4·842,000 210 3,719,401 422 40400,000 193 1 1108 4,624,000 209 3,613,273 420 6,98o,ooo 1932 1081 4·444,000 208 3.367.911 389 6,490,000 1933 1081 4.392,000 210 3,294,581 357 1,070,000 1934 1063 4,59o,ooo 211 3.388,810 471 96o,ooo 1935 1049 4,867,000 214 3,614,551 553 1,96o,ooo 1936 1036 5·295,000 214 4,oo8,647 818 1,830,000 1937 1032 5,842,ooo 216 4·460,617 1129 3,410,000 1938 1024 6,o53,ooo 217 4,669,186 875 1,330,000 1939 1019 6,298,ooo 223 4,866,711 940 1,360,000 1940 1004 6,613,000 223 5,079,094 922 940,000 (I) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Total l'\o. of Total l'\o. of :\'o. of Aggregate No. of Total l'\o. of Total :'ll"o. of Trade Unions Trade-Union Stoppages Working Days lost by Year Trade-Union Members I Trade Unions affiliated to beginning Stoppages in progress I Members T.U.C. affiliated in Year in Year to T.U.C. ! 1941 996 7,165,ooo 232 5.432,644 1251 1,o8o,ooo 1942 991 7,867,000 230 6,024,411 1303 1,527,090 1943 987 8,174,000 190 6,642,317 1785 1,8o8,ooo 1944 963 8,o87,ooo 191 6,575,654 2194 3,714,000 1945 781 7,87s,ooo 192 6,671,120 2293 2,835,000 1946 757 8,8o3,ooo 187 7>540,397 2205 2,158,ooo \,1? 188 0 1947 734 9,145,000 7.791,470 1721 2,433,000 ~ 1948 735 9,319,ooo 187 7.937,091 1759 1,944,000 1949 726 9,274,000 186 7,883,355 1426 1,807,000 1950 732 9,289,000 186 7,827,945 1339 1,389,ooo 1951 735 9.535,ooo 183 8,020,079 1719 1,694,000 1952 719 9,583,ooo 183 8,o88,450 1714 1,792,000 1953 717 9,523,ooo 184 8,093,837 1746 2,184,000 1954 703 9,556,ooo 183 8,1o6,958 1989 2,457,000 1955 704 9.741,000 186 8,263,741 2419 3,781,000 1956 685 g,778,ooo 185 8,304,709 2648 2,083,000 1957 685 9,82g,ooo 185 8,337,325 2859 8,412,000 1958 675 9,639,000 186 8,176,252 2629 3.461,1>00 1959 668 g,623,ooo 184 8,128,251 2093 3,270,000 1900 664 9,835,ooo 183 8,299,393 2832 3,021,000 1961 646 g,897,000 182 8,312,875 2686 3,046,ooo 196:.! 626 q,I387,000 176 8,315,332 2449 5.798,000 I 1!)63 6o7 9·934,0°0 173 8,325,790 2068 I 1,755,000 19b4 641 10,2t8,ooo 172 13,771 ,o 12 2524 2,277,000 rg6;i 629 I 0,325,CXlO 170 8,1367,522 2354 I 2,925,000 tC)66 021 10,262,000 169 8,787,282 1937 2,398,ooo 11)67 tio2 9, 196,ooo 160 8,725,604 2116 2,787,000 I 1!)68 5B2 IO,IC)3,000 155 8,875,381 2378 4,69o,ooo tg6g 561 10,472,000 150 1),402,170 3116 6,846,ooo 1!)70 538 II ,179,000 142 10,002,204 3906 10,98o,ooo 1971 520 11,127,000 132 9.894,13131 2228 13,551,000 1!)72 499 11,349.000 126 10,001,419 23,909,000 1973 :JoB 11,444·000 109 10,022,224 .•2873, I 7,197,010 1<)7{ 491 11,753·000 Ill 10,363,724 2922 14,750,000 -------- --------- ~ :...;· FURTHER READING 1. GENERAL THE most useful single-volume history of British trade unionism to a fairly recent date is G. D. H. Cole's Short History of the British Working­ class Movement (I 927; revised ed., I 948). But the classic work by Sidney and Beatrice Webb, History of Trade Unionism (I894i revised ed., 1920), remains indispensable for any detailed study of the subject. Also of great value is the Webbs' Industrial Democracy ( I898), an analytical survey of the changing character of trade unionism. H. A. Clegg, A. Fox and A. F. Thompson, History of British Trade Unions from r88g, i (Oxford, I964) covers the period up to I9IO only; but it contains much new material. There are a few works devoted to the publication of trade-union documents, of which the most valuable for historical purposes is G. D. H. Cole and A. W. Filson, British Working Class Movements: Select Documents, r;8!}-r875 (I95I). I. MacDougall (ed.), Minutes of Edinburgh Trades Council, I85!)-I87J (Edinburgh, I968) has been skilfully edited and is of considerable interest. E. Frow and M. Katanka (ed.), r868, Tear of the Unions (I968) contains a contemporary account of the first T.U.C. There is a series of small books covering the nineteenth century from a Marxist standpoint: these are Max Morris, From Cobbett to the Chartists (I 948), J. B. Jefferys, Labour's Formative Tears (I 948), and E. J. Hobsbawm, Labour's Turning Point (I948). On the growth of combinations before the nineteenth century, see A. E. Bland, P. A. Brown, and R. H. Tawney, English Economic History: Select Documents (I9I5), and also a valuable collection of extracts from the Home Office papers in the period 1 79o­ I825, A. Aspinall, Early English Trade Unions (I949).