THE ARAB WORLD IN HISTORY TEXTBOOKS AND CURRICULA Edited by Danijela Trškan Slovenian National Commission for UNESCO 2014 Contribution to Intercultural Dialogue in the 21st Century THE ARAB WORLD IN HISTORY TEXTBOOKS AND CURRICULA Editor: Danijela Trškan Contributors / Authors: Danijela Trškan, Eleni Apostolidou, Isabel Barca, Carol Capita, Laura-Elena Capita, Stéphanie Demers, Marc-André Éthier, Tsafrir Goldberg, Penelope Harnett, Snježana Koren, David Lefrançois, Tone Smolej, Benediktas Šetkus, Barbara Winslow Reviewers: Danijela Trškan, Božo Repe, Bojan Balkovec Published by: Slovenian National Commission for UNESCO Layout and cover design by: Beton & Vrbinc Co. First edition Ljubljana, 2014 © Slovenian National Commission for UNESCO, 2014 Digital edition of the publication has been made possible by the Office of the Slovenian National Commission for UNESCO (Ministry of Education, Science and Sport of the Republic of Slovenia). Cover photographs show contemporary textbooks for History in different countries. Canada: DALONGEVILLE, A. (ed.), BACHAND, C.-A., POIRIER, P., POYET, J. & DEMERS, S. (2006) Regards sur les sociétés (vol. 2). Manuel de l’élève. Montréal: Les Éditions CEC. Croatia: BRDAL, Ž. & MADUNIĆ, M. (2007) Tragom prošlosti 6: udžbenik povijesti za 6. razred osnovne škole. Zagreb: Školska knjiga. Greece: GLEDIS, ST. et al. (2006) In Byzantine Years, E’ Class of Primary School. Athens: O.P.T.B. Israel: AVIELI-TABIBIAN, K. (2011) Journey into the Past: Worlds meet - centuries 5-16. Tel Aviv: The Centre for Educational Technologies. Lithuania: BITLIERIŪTĖ, S. & LITVINAITĖ, J. (2004) Lietuva pasaulyje: istorijos vadovėlis VIII klasei. [Lithuania in the World: History Textbook for the 8th Grade]. Kaunas: Šviesa. Portugal: AMARAL, C., ALVES, E., JESUS, E. & PINTO, M. H. (2013) Missão: História 7. Porto: Porto Editora. Romania: STANESCU, E., BERCEA, M. & SELEVET, M. (2004) Istorie. Manual pentru clasa a IX-a. Bucuresti: Ed. Rosetti. Slovenia: RAZPOTNIK, J. & SNOJ, D. (2007) Raziskujem preteklost 7. Učbenik za zgodovino za 7. razred osnovne šole. [Exploring the Past 7. History Textbook for the 7th Grade of Elementary School]. Ljubljana: Rokus Klett. GABRIČ, A. & REŽEK, M. (2011) Zgodovina 4. Učbenik za četrti letnik gimnazije. [History 4. Textbook for the 4th Year of General Secondary School]. Ljubljana: DZS. CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana 37.091.64:93/94(0.034.2) 37.091.3:94(=411.21)(0.034.2) The ARAB world in history textbooks and curricula [Elektronski vir] / authors Danijela Trškan ... [et al.] ; edited by Danijela Trškan. - 1st ed. - El. knjiga. - Ljubljana : Slovenian National Commission for UNESCO, 2014 Način dostopa (URL): http://wff1.ff.uni-lj.si/oddelki/zgodovin/DANIJELA/DIDAKTIKAZGODOVINE/_ private/UNESCO/ArabWorld.pdf ISBN 978-961-93589-3-1 (pdf) 1. Trškan, Danijela 274669312 THE ARAB WORLD IN HISTORY TEXTBOOKS AND CURRICULA EDITED BY DANIJELA TRŠKAN Slovenian National Commission for UNESCO Ljubljana 2014 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION (Danijela Trškan) ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 7 History Teaching in Québec: A Case Study of the Arab World in Textbooks (Marc-André Éthier, David Lefrançois, Stéphanie Demers) ������������������������������������������������������������� 11 Perceptions of Arabs in Croatian History Textbooks (Snježana Koren) ��������������������������������������� 27 The Arab World in the Subject of History in Elementary and Secondary Schools in Greece (Eleni Apostolidou) ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 35 The Arab World in the Israeli History Curriculum (Tsafrir Goldberg)� ������������������������������������������ 55 Arab History in History Texbooks and Curricula in Lithuania (Benediktas Šetkus) ������������������������ 75 Arab History in Portuguese Textbooks (Isabel Barca) ������������������������������������������������������������� 97 The Arab World in Romanian History Textbooks (Carol Capita, Laura-Elena Capita) ����������������������� 111 History of Today’s Arab Countries in Elementary History Curricula and Textbooks in Slovenia (Danijela Trškan) �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 131 Arab Countries after 1945 in History Textbooks for Elementary and Secondary Schools in Slovenia (Danijela Trškan) �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 147 Arabic Literature in Slovenian University and High School Syllabi (Tone Smolej) ����������������������� 159 The Arab World and the History Curriculum in English Primary Schools (Penelope Harnett) � � � � � � � � � 167 Arabs in the US History Curriculum (Barbara Winslow) ���������������������������������������������������������� 185 NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 201 SUBJECT AND NAME INDEX ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 206 5 INTRODUCTION As a member of the Slovenian National Commission for UNESCO (2010-2014) and the leader of the project Euro-Arab Dialogue: Textbook Analysis, I have prepared several publications, which show the incorporation of the history of Arab countries into contemporary history textbooks and curricula for elementary and secondary schools and into the study programmes of history at Slovene universities: – Pregled zgodovine današnjih arabskih držav v slovenskih učbenikih za zgodovino [Review of the History of Today’s Arab Countries in Slovene History Textbooks] in 2011; – Review of the History of Today’s Arab Countries in Slovene History Textbooks – Report for the Project Euro-Arab Dialogue: Comparative Study of School Textbooks in 2011; – History of Today’s Arab Countries in Slovenia in 2012; – Arab World in the Subjects of History, Geography and Slovene Language in Elementary and Secondary Schools in Slovenia in 2013. All publications can be accessed at: http://wff1.ff.uni-lj.si/oddelki/zgodovin/ DANIJELA/DIDAKTIKAZGODOVINE/UNESCO.htm. The present publication, entitledThe Arab World in History Textbooks and Curricula, is the last book which was published for the project Euro-Arab Dialogue: Textbook Analysis. It contains an analysis and evaluation of the history of today’s Arab coun- tries in the history curricula for elementary and secondary schools in ten countries: Canada, Croatia, Greece, Israel, Lithuania, Portugal, Romania, Slovenia, United Kingdom and United States of America. The articles are written by professors, lecturers and researchers whom I have invited to participate in the project between 2013 and 2014: Eleni Apostolidou from University of Ioannina, Isabel Barca from University of Minho, Carol Capita and Laura-Elena Capita from University of Bucharest, Stéphanie Demers and David Lefrançois from University of Québec, Marc-André Éthier from University of Montréal, Tsafrir Goldberg from University of Haifa, Penelope Harnett from University of the West of England, Snježana Koren from University of Zagreb, Benediktas Šetkus from Lithuanian University of Educational Sciences, Barbara 7 Introduction Winslow from Brooklyn College of the City University of New York, Tone Smolej and Danijela Trškan from University of Ljubljana. As an editor of this publication, I sincerely thank all the authors for their contribu- tion to the intercultural dialogue in the 21st century. For encouragement offered during the project from 2010 to 2014 I thank, above all, Marjutka Hafner, Director of the UNESCO Office of the Slovenian National Commission for UNESCO, and Gašper Hrastelj and Barbara Urbanija, also from the Office of the Slovenian National Commission for UNESCO. Ljubljana, July 2014 Danijela Trškan, Ph.D. 8 THE ARAB WORLD IN HISTORY TEXTBOOKS AND CURRICULA History Teaching in Québec: A Case Study of the Arab World in Textbooks (Marc-André Éthier, David Lefrançois, Stéphanie Demers) Perceptions of Arabs in Croatian History Textbooks (Snježana Koren) The Arab World in the Subject of History in Elementary and Secondary Schools in Greece (Eleni Apostolidou) The Arab World in the Israeli History Curriculum (Tsafrir Goldberg) Arab History in History Texbooks and Curricula in Lithuania (Benediktas Šetkus) Arab History in Portuguese Textbooks (Isabel Barca) The Arab World in Romanian History Textbooks (Carol Capita, Laura-Elena Capita) History of Today’s Arab Countries in Elementary History Curricula and Textbooks in Slovenia (Danijela Trškan) Arab Countries after 1945 in History Textbooks for Elementary and Secondary Schools in Slovenia (Danijela Trškan) Arabic Literature in Slovenian University and High School Syllabi (Tone Smolej) The Arab World and the History Curriculum in English Primary Schools (Penelope Harnett) Arabs in the US History Curriculum (Barbara Winslow) 9 Marc-André Éthier, David Lefrançois and Stéphanie Demers1 HISTORY TEACHING IN QUÉBEC: A CASE STUDY OF THE ARAB WORLD IN TEXTBOOKS Abstract This text analyses the role played by the people of the Arab world portrayed in the Québec history textbooks used in the course of early secondary education. Before describing the content of the textbooks that were analysed, it explains the educational context in which these textbooks are used, the content of the Québec Education Programme to which they are linked and the role textbooks play in his- tory teaching in Québec. KEY WORDS: TEXTBOOKS ANALYSIS, ARABS, HIGH SCHOOL, CANADA, HISTORY TEACHING. Correspondence