Northern Goshawk Accipiter gentilis Appendix A. Tewaukon Broad-winged Hawk Buteo platypterus Swainson’s Hawk* Buteo swainsoni Red-tailed Hawk* Buteo jamaicensis NWR Complex Wildlife Ferruginous Hawk Buteo regalis Rough-legged Hawk Buteo lagopus Species Lists Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos Bird List Falcons and Caracaras (Species known to nest on the Complex are marked with an *) American Kestrel* Falco sparverius Merlin Falco columbarius Loons Peregrine Falcon Falco peregrinus Common Loon Gavia immer Prairie Falcon Falco mexicanus Grebes Gallinaceous Birds Pied-billed Grebe* Podilymbus podiceps Gray Partridge* Introduced Perdix perdix Horned Grebe Podiceps auritus Ring-necked Pheasant* Introduced Phasianus colchicus Red-necked Grebe* Podiceps grisegena Sharp-tailed Grouse Tympanuchus phasianellus Eared Grebe* Podiceps nigricollis Greater Prairie-Chicken Tympanuchus cupido Western Grebe* Aechmophorus occidentalis Rails Pelicans Virginia Rail* Rallus limicola American White Pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Sora* Porzana carolina American Coot* Fulica americana Cormorants Double-crested Cormorant* Phalacrocorax auritus Cranes Sandhill Crane Grus canadensis Bitterns, Herons, and Egrets American Bittern* Botaurus lentiginosus Plovers Least Bittern* Ixobrychus exilis Black-bellied Plover Pluvialis squatarola Great Blue Heron* Ardea herodias American Golden-Plover Pluvialis dominica Great Egret* Anlea Alba Semipalmated Plover Charadrius semipalmatus Snowy Egret Egretta thula Killdeer* Charadrius vociferus Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Green Heron* Butorides virescens Stilts and Avocets Black-crowned Night-Heron* Nycticorax nycticorax American Avocet* Recurvirostra americana New World Vultures Sandpipers and Phalaropes Turkey Vulture Cathartes aura Greater Yellowlegs Ttinga melanoleuca Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa flavipes Swans, Geese, and Ducks Solitary Sandpiper Tringa solitaria Greater White-fronted Goose Anser albifrons Willet* Catoptrophorus semipalmatus Snow Goose Chen caerulescens Spotted Sandpiper* Actitis macularia Canada Goose* Branta canadensis Upland Sandpiper* Bartramia longicauda Tundra Swan Cygnus columbianus Hudsonian Godwit Limosa haemastica Wood Duck* Aix sponsa Marbled Godwit Limosa fedoa Gadwall* Anas strepera Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres American Wigeon* Anas americana Red Knot Calidris canutus American Black Duck Anas rubripes Sanderling Calidris alba Mallard* Anas platyrhyncos Semipalmated Sandpiper Calidris pusilla Blue-winged Teal* Anas discors Least Sandpiper Calidris minutilla Northern Shoveler* Anas clypeata White-rumped Sandpiper Calidris fuscicollis Northern Pintail* Anas acuta Baird’s Sandpiper Calidris bairdii Green-winged Teal* Anas crecca Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris melanotos Canvasback* Aythya valisineria Dunlin Calidris alphina Redhead* Aythya americana Stilt Sandpiper Calidris himantopus Ring-necked Duck Aythya collaris Long-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus scolopaceus Lesser Scaup* Aythya affinis Common Snipe* Gallinago gallinago Bufflehead Bucephala albeola Wilson’s Phalarope* Phalaropus tricolor Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus Hooded Merganser Lophodytes curcullatus Common Merganser Mergus merganser Skuas, Jaegers, Gulls, and Terns Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator Franklin’s Gull Larus pipixcan Ruddy Duck* Oxyura jamaicensis Bonaparte’s Gull Larus philadelphia Ring-billed Gull Larus delawarensis Osprey, Kites, Hawks, and Eagles California Gull Larus californicus Osprey Pandion haliaetus Herring Gull Larus argentatus Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus Caspian Tern Sterna caspia Northern Harrier* Circus cyaneus Common Tern Sterna hirundo Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus Forster’s Tern* Sterna forsteri Cooper’s Hawk Accipiter cooperii Black Tern* Chlidonias niger 122 Tewaukon National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan - September 2000 Pigeons and Doves Nuthatches Rock Dove Introduced Columba livia Red-breasted Nuthatch Sitta canadensis Mourning Dove* Zenaida macroura White-breasted Nuthatch* Sitta carolinensis Cuckoos and Anis Creepers Black-billed Cuckoo* Coccyzus erythropthalmus Brown Creeper* Certhia americana Yellow-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus americanus Wrens Typical Owls House Wren* Troglodytes aedon Eastern Screech-Owl Otus asio Winter Wren Troglodytes troglodytes Great Horned Owl* Bubo virginianus Sedge Wren* Cistothorus platensis Snowy Owl Nyctea scandiaca Marsh Wren* Cistothorus palustris Long-eared Owl Asio otus Short-eared Owl* Asio flammeus Kinglets Golden-crowned Kinglet Regulus satrapa Nightjars Ruby-crowned Kinglet Regulus calendula Common Nighthawk Chordeiles minor Whip-poor-will Caprimulgus vociferus Thrushes Eastern Bluebird Sialia sialis Swifts Veery Catharus fuscescens Chimney Swift Chaetura pelagica Gray-cheeked Thrush Catharus minimus Swainson’s Thrush Catharus ustulatus Hummingbirds Hermit Thrush Catharus guttatus Ruby-throated Hummingbird* Archilochus colubris American Robin* Turdus migratorius Kingfisher Mimic Thrushes Belted Kingfisher* Ceryle alcyon Gray Catbird* Dumetella carolinensis Brown Thrasher* Toxostoma rufum Woodpeckers Red-headed Woodpecker Melanerpes erythrocephalus Starlings Downy Woodpecker* Picoides pubescens European Starling* Introduced Sturnus vulgaris Hairy Woodpecker* Picoides villosus Northern Flicker* Colaptes auratus Wagtails and Pipits American (Water) Pipit Anthus rubescens Tyrant Flycatchers Sprague’s Pipit Anthus spragueii Olive-sided Flycatcher Contopus cooperi Eastern Wood-Pewee* Contopus virens Waxwings Willow Flycatcher* Empidonax traillii Bohemian Waxwing Bombycilla garrulus Least Flycatcher* Empidonax minimus Cedar Waxwing* Bombycilla cedrorum Eastern Phoebe Sayornis phoebe Great Crested Flycatcher Myiarchus crinitus Wood Warblers Western Kingbird* Tyrannus verticalis Tennessee Warbler Vermivora peregrina Eastern Kingbird* Tyrannus tyrannus Orange-crowned Warbler Vermivora celata Nashville Warbler Vermivora ruficapilla Shrikes Yellow Warbler* Dendrocia petechia Loggerhead Shrike Lanius ludovicianus Chestnut-sided Warbler Dendroica pensylvanica Northern Shrike Lanius excubitor Magnolia Warbler Dendroica magnolia Yellow-rumped Warbler Dendrocia coronata Vireos Black-throated Green Warbler Dendroica virens Yellow-throated Vireo Vireo flavifrons Palm Warbler Dendrocia palmarum Warbling Vireo Vireo gilvus Bay-breasted Warbler Dendroica castanea Philadelphia Vireo Vireo philadelphicus Blackpoll Warbler Dendrocia striata Red-eyed Vireo* Vireo olivaceus Black-and-white Warbler Mniotilta varia American Redstart* Setophaga ruticilla Crows, Jays, and Magpies Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapillus Blue Jay* Cyanocitta cristata Northern Waterthrush Seiurus noveboracensis Black-billed Magpie Pica hudsonia Connecticut Warbler Oporornis agilis American Crow* Corvus brachyrhynchos Mourning Warbler Oporornis philadelphia Common Yellowthroat* Geothlypis trichas Larks Wilson’s Warbler Wilsonia pusilla Horned Lark* Eremophila alpestris Canada Warbler Wilsonia canadensis Swallows Yellow-breasted Chat Icteria virens Purple Martin* Progne subis Tree Swallow* Tachycineta bicolor Tanagers Northern Rough-winged Swallow* Stelgidopteryx serripennis Scarlet Tanager Piranga olivacea Bank Swallow* Riparia riparia Cliff Swallow* Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Barn Swallow* Hirundo rustica Titmice and Chickadees Black-capped Chickadee* Poecile atricapilla Tewaukon National Wildlife Refuge Comprehensive Conservation Plan - September 2000 123 Sparrows and Towhees Mammals with ranges within the area of Eastern Towhee Pipilo erythrophthalmus American Tree Sparrow Spizella arborea Tewaukon National Wildlife Refuge Complex: Chipping Sparrow Spizella passerina *Documented sightings Clay-colored Sparrow* Spizella pallida Field Sparrow* Spizella pusilla Arctic Shrew Sorex articus Vesper Sparrow* Pooecetes gramineus Masked Shrew Sorex cinereus Lark Sparrow* Chondestes grammacus Northern Water Shrew Sorex palustris Lark Bunting* Calamospiza melanocorys Pygmy Shrew Microsorex hoyi Savannah Sparrow* Passerculus sandwichensis Northern Short-tailed Shrew* Blarina brevicauda Grasshopper Sparrow* Ammodramus savannarum Least Shrew Cryptotis parva Baird’s Sparrow* Ammodramus bairdii Keen’s Myotis Myotia keeni Le Conte’s Sparrow Ammodramus leconteii Little Brown Myotis* Myotis lucifungus Nelson’s Sharp-tailed Sparrow Ammodramus nelsoni Eastern Red Bat Lasiurus borealis Fox Sparrow Passerella iliaca Hoary Bat Lasiurus cinereus Song Sparrow* Melospiza melodia Silver-haired Bat Lasionycteris noctivagans Lincoln’s Sparrow Melospiza lincolnii Big Brown Bat Eptesicus fuscus Swamp Sparrow Melospiza georgiana Eastern Cottontail* Sylvilagus floridanus White-throated Sparrow Zonotrichia albicollis White-tailed Jackrabbit* Lepus townsendii Harris’ Sparrow Zonotrichia querula Woodchuck* Marmota monax White-crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys Franklin’s Ground Squirrel* Citellus franklini Dark-eyed Junco Junco hyemalis Richardson’s Ground Squirrel* Citellus richardsoni Lapland Longspur* Calcarius lapponicus Thirteen-lined Ground Squirrel* Smith’s Longspur Calcarius pictus Spermophilus tridecemlineatus Chestnut-collared Longspur* Calcarius ornatus Eastern Fox Squirrel* Sciurus niger Red Squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus Cardinals, Grosbeaks, and Allies Plains Pocket Gopher* Geomys bursarius Snow Bunting Plectrophenax nivalis Plains Pocket Mouse Perognathus flavescens Rose-breasted Grosbeak* Pheucticus ludovicianus Beaver* Castor canadensis Indigo Bunting Passerina cyanea Western Harvest Mouse Reithrodontomys megalotis Dickcissel Spiza americana White-footed