ODISHA REVIEW VOL. LXXI NO. 12 JULY - 2015 MADHUSUDAN PADHI, I.A.S. Commissioner-cum-Secretary SUSHIL KUMAR DAS, O.A.S, ( SAG) Director DR. LENIN MOHANTY Editor Editorial Assistance Production Assistance Bibhu Chandra Mishra Debasis Pattnaik Bikram Maharana Sadhana Mishra Cover Design & Illustration D.T.P. & Design Manas Ranjan Nayak Hemanta Kumar Sahoo Photo Kishor Kumar Sinha Raju Singh Manoranjan Mohanty The Odisha Review aims at disseminating knowledge and information concerning Odishaŏs socio-economic development, art and culture. Views, records, statistics and information published in the Odisha Review are not necessarily those of the Government of Odisha. Published by Information & Public Relations Department, Government of Odisha, Bhubaneswar - 751001 and Printed at Odisha Government Press, Cuttack - 753010. For subscription and trade inquiry, please contact : Manager, Publications, Information & Public Relations Department, Loksampark Bhawan, Bhubaneswar - 751001. Rs.5/- Five Rupees / Copy E-mail : [email protected] Visit : http://odisha.gov.in Contact : 9937057528(M) CONTENTS Editorial Nabakalebara of Chaturddha Murttis Dr. Gourishankar Tripathy ...1 Good Governance ... 19 Retrospective Highlights of Navakalevara Balabhadra Ghadai ... 21 Navakalebar : Ritual and History Dr. Hemanta Mohapatra ... 25 Mahaprasad Durga Madhab Dash ... 34 Evolution and Growth of Nabakalebara : A Historical Analysis Dr. Binodini Das ... 40 Navakalevara and Ratha Yatra in the Purushottama Kshetra Kailash Chandra Dash ... 51 Jagannath in Literature : Sri Purushottam Chandrika Revisited Dr. Somarani Chand ... 60 Sri Jagannath and Nabakalebar Er. Nirakar Mahalik ... 69 1977 Navakalevara ± An Administrative Profile Sarat Chandra Mahapatra ... 74 Lord Jagannath Dr. Amulya R. Mohapatra ... 81 Jagannath Dharma Dr. Atul Chandra Pradhan ... 82 The Unique Vedantic Synthesis in Jagannath as Lokayata Brahma and Vaisnavism ± A Philosophical Approach Prof. G.C. Nayak ... 86 Nabakalebara - Change of the Idols Pramoda Ch. Pattanayak ... 95 Daru - Vrksa to Darubrahma : Vedic and Agamic Ethics in God Incarnation Padmanabha Mahapatra ... 99 The Famous Car Festival of Puri Rabindra Kumar Behuria ... 106 Nabakalebara Bharati Nayak ... 109 The First Navakalebara of the 21st Century Pitambar Pradhani ... 110 The Role of Daitas in Navakalevara Surendra Moharana ... 115 Puri : The Sacred City, Cosmic Order and Hindu Traditions Dr. Sunil Kumar Patnaik ... 123 Rites, Rituals, Festivals and the Pilgrimage of Baladevjew Cult in Odisha Naresh Rout ... 132 Adhira Mahalakshmi Damodar Pradhani ... 143 Physical Culture in Jagannath Consciousness Prof. Bimal Prasad Mohanty ... 146 Complaint and Surrender in Odia Devotional Songs Dr. Bibhudutt Dash ... 149 Nabakalebara Rituals of Darubrahma Shree Jagannath Dr. Bhaskar Mishra ... 153 Susanta Kumar Dash Devi Subhadra Balakrushna Dash ... 157 The Zodiac Signs of Lord Jagannath Mahimohan Tripathy ... 160 The First Historical Account of Navakalebara and Abhinav Indradyumna Dr. Janmejay Choudhury ... 161 Lord¶s Fabric Surendra Kumar Patra ... 166 Banayaga Yatra and Maa Mangala in Reference to Nabakalebara Ritual Dinabandhu Pradhan ... 171 The Role of Brahmins in Nabakalebar Bhagaban Mahapatra ... 176 Mangala of Kakatpur Madhusudan Patnaik ... 179 Nabakalebara and the Evolution of Purushottama Cult : An Epigraphical Study Dr. Bharati Pal ... 181 The Role of Tirtha Gurus with Pilgrims to Jagannath Dham Somanath Khuntia ... 184 The Splendid Synthesis of Siddha Baladev Dr. Basudev Das ... 188 Nabakalebar : Muslim Invasion and Saran Srikshetra Marada Dr. P.C. Mohanty ... 191 Navakalevar : An Amalgamation of Bhakti and Jnanam Prof. A.V.P.R.Rao ... 195 Nabakalebara Rituals: A Spiritual Analysis Asit Mohanty ... 199 ³Nabakalebara : Transition of Brahma to Newly Constructed Holy Body´ Banamali Suar ... 211 Jagannath Cult and its Impact on Odishan Music and Dance Indu Bhusan Kar ... 215 A Prayer Sugyan Gourab ... 219 No-Thing Durgaprasad Acharya ... 220 SANKHA KSHETRA 1. Balabhadra,Jagannatha, 29. Vaikuntheswara 58. Prahari Hanuman 87. Vilweswara Subhadra & Sudarsan 30. Yagnyaswari 59. Dakhinadwar (S.gate) 88. Siddha Hanuman 2. Khetreswari Vimala 31. Isaneswar 60. Durgamadhava 89. Indradyumna Teertha 3 Mahalaxmi 32. Sitaia Devi 61. Mangaleswari 90. Nilakantheswara 4. Uttar Durga 33. Pakasala 62. Paschimadwar(W.gate) 91. Adinrusingha 5. Bata Mangala 34. Dakhineswara 63. Uttardwar (N.gate) 92. Gundicha Mandapa 6. Garuda Stamva 35. Kundaleswara 64. Sri Lokanath 93. Mausima 7. Bhoga Mandap 36. Ram Chaitanya Temple 65. Rameswara 94. Marchika Devi 8. Kalpabrukhya 37. Baravai Hanuman 66. Kandunursingha 95. Charchika Devi 9. Rohini Kunda 38. Nirmalya Hanuman 67. Kandu Asrama 96. Sodasha Putri 10. Bata Ganesh 39. Alaka Batika 68. Nikumvilabata 97. Narayani 11. Uchsta Ganapati 40. Chakra Narayan 69. Harachandi 98. Angirasrama 12. Sri Saraswati Devi 41. Rameswar 70. Chamundeswari 99. Angirabata 13. Nabagraha 42. Chaturdhama 71. Banadurga 100. Dakhina Kali 14. Konark Suryadev 43. Kanapata Hanuman 72. Basheli 101. Ugreswarashrama 15. Padapadma 44. Niladri Vihari 73. Kapalmochana 102. Swetaganga 16. Yagnyabata 45. Bavabyeswara 74. Manikarnika Teertha 103. Muktisila 17. Angeswar 46. Sialilata 75. Ghatamangala 104. Adisankara Pitha 18. Indranidevi 47. Koili Vaikuntha 76. Vagabati 105. Swargadwara 19. Khetrapala 48. Tapaswi Hanuman 77. Markandeswara 106. Varahi Devi 20. Swana Vairabi 49. Survarnakupa 78. Markandeya Teertha 107. Shyama Kali 21. Mukteswari 50. Ananda Bazar 79. Saptamatruka 108. Bedi Hanuman 22. Chstrakali 51. Devasnana Mandapa 80. Alamba Devi 109. Chakra Teertha 23. Batamarkandeya 52. Meghanada Prachira 81. Atharnala 110. Chakra Narayan 24. Katyayani 53. Singhadwara (E.gate) 82. Makardhwaj Hanuman 111. Mahodadhi Tirtha 25. Gopeewara 54. Aruna Sthamva 83. Vargavi River 112. Jagannatha Ballava 26. Beda Kali 55. Badachhata Math 84. Mukteswara 113. Kashi Biswanatha 27. Pataleswara 56. Chhauni Math 85. Bata Mangala 114. Visweswari 28. Bhubaneswari 57. Pejanala 86. Kapoteswara 115. Narendra Sarovar THE PARTS OF A CHARIOT 32 34 33 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 23 24 22 21 19 18 20 16 11 15 14 13 10 9 17 8 12 5 7 4 6 2 3 1 (1) Chaka or the wheels (2) Dandia (3) Ara (4) Banki (5) Hansa Pata (6) Kani (7) Sankha-dwara (8) Jali (9) Gaipata (10) Singhasana (11) Kanak Mundai (12) Bhumi (13) Sola Nahaka (14) Makara Danda (15) Basanta (16) Duar Ghoda (17) Sarathi Pida (18) Kumbha Pati (19) Rahu Pati (20) Athanahaka (21) Banki (22) Pida (23) Rusi Pata (24) Danda (25) Para Bhadi (26) Khapuri (27) Pada (28) Olata Sua (29) Dadhi Nauti (30) Kalasa (31) Kasthi (32) Danda (33) Chakra (34) Copi Ketana or the flag. Editor·s Note Exhibiting a sweet blend of spiritual and material world, Odisha is unique in many ways. We have a simple populace, varied cultures, dialects, tribes, temples, mountain ranges, a long coastline and above all Lord Jagannath at Puri. According to legend, ³Jara Savara unwittingly killed Srikrishna, mistaking his feet to be ears of a deer. While the mortal remains of Srikrishna were dedicated to the ocean, a few bits of them were treasured by the Jara Savara. On being remorseful Jara Savara began walking till he reached the shores of Kalinga and settled down in forest in an area subsequently known as Kantilo. The relics became the object of worship of his dynasty and Viswabasu was the direct descendant. Those who accept the legend as true believe that the relics are still there in µNavi Padma¶ transferred from one image to another when the Navakalevara or the new embodiment of the deities takes place at an interval of 8, 11 and 19 years. We believe, Shree Jagannath like the transmigration of human soul from one body to another leaves His old sheath and enters the Navakalevara, the new body. Shree Jagannath, Shree Balabhadra, Devi Subhadra and Shree Sudarshan known as Chaturddhamurttis change Their bodies to new ones during the Navakalevara. The deities signify µParambrahma¶. Navakalevara is a process of making new idols replacing the old ones. So the body changes while the soul being indestructible remains usual. The wonderful coordination within the State Government led by popular Chief Minister Shri Naveen Patnaik and within the State Government, temple administration and the Sevayats has conducted the process of Navakalevara from Banajaga Yatra till Brahma Parivarttan in a sacred manner. The whole world as also all of us within our State eagerly await the Lord¶s mingling with the masses during the Ratha Yatra. The Rath Yatra is a grand culmination of a series of celebrations spread over summer and monsoon months. On the 2nd of bright fortnight of the month of Ashadha the deities come out of the temple in a spectacular procession called Pahandi. The deities adorned with Tahias are pulled in rhythmic moment to the beat of cymbals and chanting of the names of the holy Trinity in chorus by the devotees in frenzied ecstasy. After the deities are seated on Their respective chariots starts the Chhera Panhara by the Gajapati Maharaja. The most exciting part is the pulling of the chariots by lakhs of people along Bada Danda, the Grand Road. The chariots move slowly until they reach the Gundicha temple where the deities rest for a night adorned with Dasavatar costumes. They enter the Gundicha temple in the next day morning in the usual Pahandi style and stay there for 7 days. On the 10th day of bright fortnight of Ashadha, the return of chariots or the Bahuda Yatra takes place. The State Government has made significant progress in the sphere of fiscal