AUDIT OF THE STATUS OF POLICE REFORMS IN KENYA A joint report by the Kenya National Commission on Human Rights & Centre for Human Rights and Peace (The University of Nairobi [2015] TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 BACKGROUND TO POLICE REFORMS ...................................................................... 12 1.1 Terms of Reference for the Audit ........................................................................................... 16 1.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 17 2.0 FINDINGS OF THE AUDIT .......................................................................................... 19 2.1 Institutional, Legislative and Policy Reforms ......................................................................... 19 2.1.1 Legislation ................................................................................................................................................. 19 2.1.2 Pending Bills ............................................................................................................................................. 19 2.1.3 Administrative Actions ............................................................................................................................. 19 2.1.4 Policy Reforms .......................................................................................................................................... 20 2.1.5 Institutional Reforms ................................................................................................................................. 22 2.2 Operationalizing the Merger: A Case of Failed Implementation ........................................... 23 2.2.1 Police patrols ............................................................................................................................................. 24 2.2.2 Road blocks ............................................................................................................................................... 25 2.2.3 Operation bases ......................................................................................................................................... 25 2.2.4 Public complaints against the police ......................................................................................................... 25 2.2.5 Recruitment procedures ............................................................................................................................ 26 2.2.6 Training of officers ................................................................................................................................... 26 2.2.7 Promotions ................................................................................................................................................ 27 2.2.8 Conducting investigations ......................................................................................................................... 28 2.2.9 Police uniform ........................................................................................................................................... 28 2.2.10 Vehicles ................................................................................................................................................... 28 2.2.11 Service flag ............................................................................................................................................. 28 2.2.12 Portraits of the IG and Deputy IGs .......................................................................................................... 29 2.2.13 Physical Location of Police Offices ........................................................................................................ 29 2.2.14 Police sign boards ................................................................................................................................... 29 2.6.15 Challenges to the Merger ........................................................................................................................ 29 2.3 Recommendations ................................................................................................................... 30 3.0 POLICE ACCOUNTABILITY AND OVERSIGHT ......................................................... 32 3.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................. 32 1 3.2 Internal Affairs Unit ............................................................................................................... 32 3.3 Independent Policing Oversight Authority (IPOA) ................................................................ 33 3.5 Challenges facing IAU and IPOA ........................................................................................... 35 4.0 PROFESSIONALISM, TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF SERVICE ............................. 38 4.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................. 38 4.2 Training Curriculum .............................................................................................................. 39 4.3 Senior Command and Middle Level Management training ................................................... 39 4.4 Collaboration with Universities .............................................................................................. 40 4.5 National Police Service Academy ............................................................................................ 40 4.6 Certification of Police Training .............................................................................................. 40 4.7 National Police Service Examination Board ........................................................................... 40 4.8 Police Recruitment .................................................................................................................. 40 4.9 Police Code of Conduct ........................................................................................................... 41 4.10 Human Resource Management ............................................................................................. 41 4.10.1 Transfers.................................................................................................................................................. 41 4.10.2 Promotions .............................................................................................................................................. 41 4.10.3 Retirement and post exit management of police officers ........................................................................ 41 4.10.4 Police salaries and allowances ................................................................................................................ 41 4.10.5 Vetting of police officers......................................................................................................................... 41 4.11 Vetting Process ...................................................................................................................... 42 4.12 Chaplaincy Services .............................................................................................................. 42 5.0 ADMINISTRATIVE, OPERATIONAL PREPAREDNESS AND LOGISTICAL CAPACITY REFORMS. ....................................................................................................... 43 5.1 Housing for the Kenya Police Service ..................................................................................... 43 5.2 Vehicles ................................................................................................................................... 44 5.3 Tooling and Equipment .......................................................................................................... 45 2 5.4 Maritime Equipment .............................................................................................................. 45 5.5 Kenya Police Air Wing ........................................................................................................... 45 5.6 ICT Equipment and Infrastructure ........................................................................................ 46 5.7 Construction of Model Police Stations .................................................................................... 46 5.8 Group Insurance Cover .......................................................................................................... 47 5.9 Resources ................................................................................................................................ 47 5.9.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................................... 47 5.9.2 Budgetary allocation ................................................................................................................................. 47 5.10 Challenges ............................................................................................................................. 48 5.11 Recommendations ................................................................................................................. 48 6.0 COMMUNITY POLICING AND PARTNERSHIPS ....................................................... 50 6.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................