Electric Power Sector Protocol for the Voluntary Reporting Program Annex I to the General Reporting Protocol June 2009 Version 1.0 FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR THIS PROTOCOL The Climate Registry wishes to acknowledge the following organizations for their fi nancial contributions, which in part, made development of this protocol possible. Electric Power Sector Protocol for the Voluntary Reporting Program Annex I to the General Reporting Protocol June 2009 Version 1.0 © 2009 The Climate Registry. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be reproduced, displayed, modifi ed or distributed without the express prior written permission of The Climate Registry. ABOUT THIS PROTOCOL This protocol was developed with substantial input from The Climate Registry’s Electric Power Sector Workgroup (see below for a list of workgroup members and organizations) which was composed of a broad range of individuals with expertise in reporting in this sector. The Registry also wishes to acknowledge Ryerson, Master and Associates, Inc. and its staff for their important role in developing this protocol, particularly the leadership of Ivor John. Additionally, the protocol refl ects signifi cant contributions from a Technical Expert Panel assembled by The Registry, consisting of over 130 stakeholders and electric power sector greenhouse gas reporting experts. Finally, The Registry’s Protocol Committee, its chair Eileen Tutt, and Registry staff members Sam Hitz, Peggy Foran, Adam Regele and Jill Gravender all provided critical input throughout the process. ELECTRIC POWER SECTOR WORKGROUP Andy Berger Tri-State Generation and Transmission Association, Inc. Obadiah Bartholomy Sacramento Municipal Utilities District Pierre Boileau Canadian Standards Association (on behalf of the Government of Manitoba) Xantha Bruso Pacifi c Gas and Electric Dan Chartier Edison Electric Institute Peter Ciborowski Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Adam Diamant Electric Power Research Institute Kyle Davis Pacifi Corp Jason Eisdorfer Bonneville Power Administration Jonathan Edwards Renewable Energy Marketers Association Joseph Fontaine New Hampshire Department of Environmental Services Maria Furberg BC Hydro Corrine Grande Seattle City Light Michael Gillenwater GHG Management Institute Ravi Joseph Austin Energy Robyn Kenney Ohio Environmental Protection Agency Trish Meehan New York Power Authority David Rich World Resources Institute Janelle Schmidt Bonneville Power Administration Mike Stroben Duke Energy Karen Utt Xcel Energy Michael Van Brunt Covanta Energy About This Protocol 1 CONTENTS ABOUT THIS PROTOCOL 1 CONTENTS 2 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS 5 LIST OF FIGURES 6 LIST OF TABLES 6 PART I: INTRODUCTION 7 PART II: DETERMINING WHAT YOU SHOULD REPORT 10 Chapter 1: Introduction 10 1.1 GHG Accounting and Reporting Principles 10 1.2 Origin of The Registry’s GRP 10 1.3 Reporting Requirements 10 1.4 Annual Emissions Reporting 10 Chapter 2: Geographic Boundaries 11 2.1 Required Geographic Boundaries 11 2.2 Optional Reporting: Worldwide Emissions 11 Chapter 3: Gases to Be Reported 12 3.1 Required Reporting of All Six Internationally-Recognized Greenhouse Gases 12 3.2 Optional Reporting: Additional Greenhouse Gases 12 Chapter 4: Organizational Boundaries 13 4.1 Two Approaches to Organizational Boundaries: Control and Equity Share 13 4.2 Option 1: Reporting Based on Both Equity Share and Control 13 4.3 Option 2: Reporting Using the Control Consolidation 13 4.4 Examples: Applying Organizational Boundaries to Power Generating Operations 15 4.5 Corporate Reporting: Parent Companies & Subsidiaries 16 4.6 Government Agency Reporting 16 4.7 Reporting Emissions Associated with Bulk Power Transmission Losses 17 Chapter 5: Operational Boundaries 19 5.1 Required Emission Reporting 19 5.2 Direct Emissions: Scope 1 21 5.3 Indirect Emissions: Scope 2 21 5.4 Reporting Emissions from Biomass Combustion 22 5.5 Scope 3 Emissions 22 Chapter 6: Facility-Level Reporting 24 Table of Contents Table 6.1 Required Facility-Level Reporting 24 6.2 Defi ning Facility Boundaries 24 6.3 Optional Aggregation of Emissions from Certain Types of Facilities 24 6.4 Categorizing Mobile Source Emissions 24 6.5 Unit Level Data 25 6.5.1 Example: Reporting Unit Level Data 26 2 Chapter 7: Establishing and Updating the Base Year 27 7.1 Required Base Year 27 7.2 Updating Your Base Year Emissions 27 7.3 Optional Reporting: Updating Intervening Years 27 Chapter 8: Transitional Reporting (Optional) 28 8.1 Reporting Transitional Data 28 8.2 Minimum Reporting Requirements for Transitional Reporting 28 8.3 Public Disclosure of Transitional Data 28 Chapter 9: Historical Reporting (Optional) 29 9.1 Reporting Historical Data 29 9.2 Minimum Reporting Requirements for Historical Data 29 9.3 Importing Historical Data 29 9.4 Public Disclosure of Historical Data 29 PART III: QUANTIFYING YOUR EMISSIONS 30 Chapter 10: Introduction to Quantifying Your Emissions 30 Chapter 11: Simplifi ed Estimation Methods 32 Chapter 12: Direct Emissions from Stationary Combustion 33 12.1 Measurement of Carbon Dioxide Using Continuous Emissions Monitoring System Data 35 12.2 Calculating Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide Emissions Using Fuel Use Data 38 12.3 Calculating Biogenic Carbon Dioxide Emissions 44 12.4 Calculating Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions 46 12.5 Allocating Emissions from Combined Heat and Power 48 12.6 Examples: Calculating Direct Emissions from Stationary Combustion 50 Chapter 13: Direct Emissions from Mobile Combustion 53 13.1 Calculating Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Mobile Combustion 53 13.2 Calculating Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Mobile Combustion 53 13.3 Example: Calculating Direct Emissions from Mobile Combustion 53 Chapter 14: Indirect Emissions from Electricity Use 54 14.1 Quantifying Indirect Emissions from Electricity Use 54 14.2 Indirect Emissions from Electricity Use: Transmission and Distribution Losses 56 14.2.1 Step 1: Identify Power Flows Conveyed on the T&D System 59 14.2.2 Step 2: Develop T&D System Loss Factor 62 14.2.3 Step 3: Assign Emission Factors and Determine Scope 3 Emissions 63 14.2.4 Step 4: Quantify Emissions from T&D Losses for Purchased Power 68 14.2.5 Example: Estimating Purchased Power Emissions 68 14.3 Bulk Power Transmission Systems 70 14.3.1 Step 1: Defi ne How Bulk Transmission Losses Will Be Reported 71 14.3.2 Step 2: Determine Power Flows through the Bulk Transmission System 73 14.3.3 Step 3: Select or Derive a Bulk Power Transmission Loss Factor 73 Table of Contents Table 3 14.3.4 Step 4: Assign Emission Factor(s) 74 14.3.5 Step 5: Quantify Emissions Associated with Bulk Power Transmission 74 14.3.6 Example: Estimating T&D Losses for Bulk Power Transmission 75 14.4 Estimating Indirect Emissions from Power which is Purchased/Acquired and Consumed 76 14.4.1 EPS IE-04 76 Chapter 15: Indirect Emissions from Imported Steam, District Heating, Cooling and Electricity from a CHP Plant 78 Chapter 16: Direct Fugitive Emissions 79 16.1 Calculating Fugitive Sulfur Hexafl uoride Emissions 80 16.1.1 Example: Calculating Slufur Hexafl uoride Emissions 83 16.2 Fugitive Hydrofl uorocarbon Emissions 85 16.2.1 Example: Calculating Hydrofl uorocarbon Emissions from a Cooling Unit 87 16.3 Quantifying Fugitive Methane Emissions from Coal Storage 87 16.4 Quantifying Fugitive Methane Emissions from Natural Gas Pipelines 89 16.5 Fugitive Emissions from Hydro-Power Reservoirs (Optional) 89 Chapter 17: Direct Process Emissions 91 17.1 Quantifying Process Emissions from Acid Gas Scrubbers 91 17.1.1 Example: Calculating Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Acid Gas Scrubbers 93 17.2 Quantifying Process Emissions from Geothermal Power Generation 93 17.2.1 Example: Calculating Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Geothermal Power 95 17.3 Calculating Process Emissions from Other Common Sources Within the EPS 95 PART IV: REPORTING YOUR EMISSIONS 96 Chapter 18: Additional Reporting Requirements 96 18.1 Compiling Data for Power Generation Metrics 97 18.2 Calculating Power Generation Metrics 97 Chapter 19: Optional Reporting 100 19.1 Compiling Power Deliveries Data 100 19.2 Developing Power Deliveries Metrics 102 19.2.1 Example: Developing Power Delivery Metrics 105 19.3 Adjusting Power Deliveries Metrics to Account for the Purchase of Certifi cates 106 19.3.1 Overview of Special Power Programs and Power Certifi cates 106 19.3.2 Accounting for Unbundled RECs and Special Certifi cates 107 19.3.3 Example: Adjusting the Deliveries Metrics to Account for Special Power Certifi cate Purchases 110 19.3.4 Implications for the Regional Average Emission Factors 111 19.4 Other Special Power Programs 111 Table of Contents Table 19.5 Other Scope 3 Emissions 111 4 Chapter 20: Reporting Your Data Using The Registry’s Reporting Software 112 20.1 The Registry’s Reporting Software Overview 112 20.2 Help with The Registry’s Reporting Software 112 Chapter 21: Third-Party Verifi cation 113 21.1 Background: The Purpose of The Registry’s Verifi cation Process 113 21.2 Activities To Be Completed by the Member in Preparation for Verifi cation 113 21.3 Batch Verifi cation Option 113 21.4 Verifi cation Concepts 113 21.5 Verifi cation Cycle 113 21.6 Conducting Verifi cation Activities 113 21.7 Activities To Be Completed After the Verifi cation Body Reports Its Findings 113 21.8 Unverifi ed Emission Reports 113 Chapter 22: Public Emission Reports 114 22.1 Required Public Disclosure 114 22.2 Confi dential Business Information 114 Glossary of Terms 115 Table of Contents Table 5 ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials Btu British thermal unit(s) CCAR California Climate