PRESENTED 2 1 MAR 1952 TRANSACTIONS OF THE JtiiU'folli anil ilu fluid) NATURALISTS’ SOCIETY For the Year 1948 VOL. XVI Part v. Edited by Major A. Buxton NORWICH Printed by The Soman-Wherry Press Ltd., Norwich. February, 1949 Price 10 /- PAST PRESIDENTS REV. JOSEPH CROMPTON, M.A. ... 1869—70 ... ... ... 1870—71 "! HENRY STEVENSON, KL.S. !!! 1871—72 MICHAEL BEVERLEY, M.D ... 1872—73 FREDERIC KITTON, Hon. F.R.M.S. ... ... 1873—74 H. D. GELDART 1874—75 JOHN B. BRIDGMAN 1875—76 T. G. BAYFIELD ... 1876—77 F. W. HARMER, F.G.S. ... ... ... 1877—78 ... 1878—79 THOMAS SOUTHWELL, F.Z.S. 1879—80 OCTAVIUS CORDER ... 1880—81 ... 1881—82 J. H. GURNEY, Jun., F.Z.S H. D. GELDART 1882—83 H. M. UPCHER, F.Z.S 1883—84 FRANCIS SUTTON, F.C.S ... 1884—85 MAJOR H. W. FIELDEN, C.B., F.G.S., C.M z.s. ... 1885—86 SIR PETER EADE, M.D., F.R.C.P. ... 1886—87 SIR EDWARD NEWTON, K.C.M.G., F.L.S. C.M.Z.S. ... 1887—88 1888—89 J. H. GURNEY, F.L.S., F.Z.S SHEPHARD T. TAYLOR, M.B. 1889—90 HENRY SEEBOHM, F.L.S., F.Z.S. ... ... 1890—91 F. D. WHEELER, M.A., LL.D 1891—92 HORACE B. WOODWARD, F.G.S. ... ... 1892—93 THOMAS SOUTHWELL, F.Z.S. 1893—94 C. B. PLOWRIGHT, M.D ... 1894—95 H. D. GELDART ... 1895—96 SIR F. C. M. BOILEAU, Bart., F.Z.S., F.S !.. 1896—97 E. W. PRESTON, F.R.Met.Soc. 1897- 98 1898—99 J. H. GURNEY, F.L.S., F.Z.S JOHN T. HOTBLACK 1899—1900 SIDNEY F. HARMER, Sc.D., F.R.S. ... 1900—01 W. H. BI DWELL 1901—02 HENRY WOODWARD, LL.D., F.R.S., V.P. S., F.G.S. 1902—03 FREDERICK LONG, L.R.C.P 1903—04 WALTER GARSTANG, M.A 1904—05 EUSTACE GURNEY, M.A., F.Z.S. ... 1905—06 C. A. HAMOND ... 1906—07 SYDNEY H. LONG, M.D., M.B.O.U. ... 1907—08 REV. M. C. H. BIRD, M.A., M.B.O.U. 1908—09 D. G. THOMSON, M.D ... ... 1909—10 W. M. CROWFOOT, F.R.C.S 1910—11 W. LINCOLNE SUTTON, F.I.C. ... 1911—12 ROBERT GURNEY, M.A., F.Z.S. ... 1912—13 MISS ALICE M. GELDART ... 1913—14 H. F. WALTER, F.Z.S 1914—15 J. 1915—16 H. J. THOULESS CLAUDE B. TICEHURST, M.A., M.B.O.U. 1916—17 W. G. CLARKE, F.G.S ... 1917—18 EDWARD BIDWELL 1918—19 ... 1919—20 J. H. GURNEY, F.L.S., F.Z.S B. B. RIVIERE, F.R.C.S., M.B.O.U. ... 1920—21 MISS E. L. TURNER, F.L.S., F.Z.S.... ... 1921—22 1922—23 RUSSELL J. COLMAN SIR HUGH R. BEEVOR, Bart. 1923—24 DONALD HUTCHINSON, M.D. 1924—25 E. H. HANKIN, M.A., Sc.D ... 1925—26 ... 1926—27 "! "! 1" h” j. Howard! f.l.s. 1927—28 H. F. WITHERBY, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. ... 1928—29 G. H. GURNEY, F.E.S., F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. ... 1929—30 MISS A. M. GELDART 1930—31 1931—32 E. J. SALISBURY, D.Sc., F.L.S. MAJOR A. BUXTON, D.S.O., M.B.O.U. ... 1932—33 M , 1933—34 ” !" W. P. PYCRAFT, F.L.S.,” F.Z.S. ... 1934—33 COLIN McLEAN ... 1935—36 1936—37 G. J. COOKE MISS J. M. FERRIER, F.Z.S., M.B.O.U. 1937—38 E. T. BOARDMAN ... 1938—39 HUGH WORMALD, M.B.O.U ... 1939—40 ... 1940—41 J. A. STEERS, M.A E. C. KEITH • •• ... 1941—42 1942 A. J. RUDD —43 MISS C. E. GAY ... ... 1943—44 SIR H, E. S. UPCHER ,,, ... 1944—45 H. W. BACK 1945—46 R. G. BUXTON 1946—47 THE EARL OF LEICESTER 1947—48 R. PEARCE GOULD ... 1948—49 transactions OF THE Jfliufnlli anil ilnrluid) NATURALISTS’ SOCIETY For the Year 1948 VOL. XVI Part v. Edited by Major A. Buxton NORWICH Printed by The Soman-Wherry Press Ltd., Norwich. February, 1949 n Norfolk nnD |iorlmrb llaturalists’ ^ocitty Patron H.M. THE KING OFFICERS FOR 1948. President R. PEARCE GOULD Vice-Presidents SIR SIDNEY HARMER. K.B.E., Sc.D., F.R.S. PROF. F. W. OLIVER, D.Sc., I .R.S. MAJOR A. BUXTON, D.S.O. ROBERT GURNEY, M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S. Hon. Treasurer D. A. PEARCE GOULD Lime Tree House, Lime Tree Road, Norwich Hon. Secretary E. A. ELLIS, F.L.S. Castle Museum, Norwich Hon. Editor MAJOR A. BUXTON, D.S.O. Horsey Hall, Gt. Yarmouth on. Geological Recorder R. PEARCE GOULD Hon. Auditor C. R. A. HAMMOND Committee MISS BENN I. W. MILLS MISS C. E. GAY R. JONES, B.Sc. R. A. RICHARDSON H. J. HOWARD, F.L.S. B. B. RIVIERE, F.R.C.S. G. F. B. ROBINSON R. HINDE ( to retire 1951) (to retire 1950) (to retire 1949) Ex-officio MISS G. V. BARNARD, M.B.E. « iii ^jXCO 05 C X - O - N « ^ •d ! 1948. 8" . 1/5 C9 CD — - . o on co X (/> — x </) •— j *o <N , SS o CO — CO ^?x 05 — CD ^CD CO 05 05 April, | -t M r* 1 HAMMOMD, 2fith A. R. C. 1947-1948. d •c (Signed) • cq G r C I • > x : os -r CO Oi *o : d • u 3> s T3 'U o Wg u IS ^ t/> o SOCIETY. /) < z Q.S* 3 <d < TJ _ X3 O .3 *5 G g^l G & .2 c tc« c -c b o $ fc* •fr S< c 8 fc'S 5 ! •V G 3 .3 > £2 </• c 30 co -« CO 3 « co*SWcjg 2« “ CO NATURALISTS ’/) 05 <N — X <75 (7. *tX " M — 1 <N « 1 CO i/5 X CO X 2 C4 | o H t/1 z 4 o — co c 1 I 3 d. 'd C H u 05 co — W u </ td L- < t/J 05 •** o X CC X 05 CO CO K (M X -r — m I a. OS i Cd H CJ 'O X o o CC x *o /C NORWICH Z < u 8* io 30 M 05 J 6. ^ X < W <-+? 05 X CO C^J CO ^ c z < w s c AND o z 8 CO 3 Z NORFOLK • ui ' cu : * o.l W 2 ° 2 5 g | : 3-£(3 - -r **- Si 3 h °’C ; U5 -43 £ G : 3 O 3 hCO ^CO O ?/) H - S— <M . 334 TRANSACTIONS HON. SECRETARY’S REPORT. During 1947-48 meetings were held at Norwich Castle Museum joint meeting with the as follows November 1, 1947 : Norfolk Research Committee for a discussion of Broadland with contributions by Problems, led by Mr. J. N. Jennings, Lambert and others. January 17, Mr. J. E. Sainty, Miss J. M. ‘ Trust,’ with Mr. D. A. P. Gould 1948 : Natuarl History Brains as question master and Messrs. R. R. Clarke, H. J. Howard, R. Jones, G. F. B. Robinson and E. A. Ellis answering questions. ’ ‘ Water at Surlingham February 14 : lantern lecture Marsh and under micro- by E. A. Ellis. Marsh 13 : a display of specimens ‘ Environment of scopes. April 10 : lantern lecture on The Prehistoric Man,’ by Professor F. E. Zeuner. April 24 : lecture on ‘ Mice, Voles and the Coypu,’ by Miss Mary Laurie. Mr. Eric Hosking gave a lantern lecture entitled ‘ Wild Wings,' before a large audience of members and friends in the Stuart Hall on January 3. The 78th Annual Meeting was held at the Castle Museum on May 8, when the retiring president, the Earl of Leicester, de- livered an address entitled ‘ The Reclaiming of the Holkham Salt Marshes and the planting of the sand dunes to form a pro- tection.’ Officers were elected to serve in 1947-48 as follows : P Gould President-elect, Mr. James Fisher ; President, Mr. R. ; Hon. Auditor, Mr. C. R. Hon. Treasurer, Mr. D. A. P. Gould ; Ellis : Hon. Secretary, Mr. E. A. ; Committee A. Hammond ; Miss Benn, Mr. R. Jones and Mr. B. B. Riviere. The retiring Hon. Secretary, Mr. H. W. Back, was thanked for his many services to the Society. The President then proposed and Mr. R. P. Gould seconded that Mr. H. W. Back and Mr. H. J Howard be elected Honorary Members forthwith in apprecia- tion of their work for Norfolk Natural History and the motion was carried unanimously. Excursions were held in 1948 as follows : —May 9 : Breydon Walls (leader, Mr. M. J. Seago). June 24 : Hickling Broad. July 11 : Scolt Head Island. Members of the Junior Branch, numbering 61, spent an en- joyable afternoon at Fritton Lake on April 14th. — THE PRESIDENT’S ADDRESS 335 II PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS THE PLANTING OF THE SANI) DUNES AT HOLKHAM. Presidential Address delivered by the Earl of Leicester to the Members of the Norfolk and Norwich Naturalists Society at Castle Museum, Norwich, on May 8th, 1948. In a Society of this kind it is not an easy matter to choose a subject which has not already been exhaustively dealt with by far abler pens than mine. In view, however, of recent con- troversies and the dangers caused by sea-erosion, I thought it might be of interest to try and tell you something about the 3 miles of Sand Dunes plantation at Holkham, which now forms such a unique feature of the North Norfolk coast line. Just over 100 years ago my grandfather decided to reclaim a large extent of salt marshes which lie immediately to the north of Holkham village, and he started operations by construct- ing an artificial barrier or wall running due north and south along the Wells harbour and linking up with thes and hills, which run east and west.