MOUNT SION SCHOOL Session-2020-2021 Class-5 Lesson-1 Assignment-2 Sub- Computer EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS HISTORY OF COMPUTERS:- ABACUS Abacus was the first mechanical device for calculations. It was developed in China around 3000-BC . It was made up of a wooden frame consisting of rods, each having beads in them. Each rod in Heaven had 2 beads, and rod in Earth had beads. It was used for addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. PASCAL ADDING MACHINE Blaise Pascal, a French mathematician invented the first mechanical calculator at the age of 19 in the year 1642. It uses gears, wheels and dials. This machine was capable of doing addition and subtraction. LEIBNIZ CALCULATOR Leibniz was the German mathematician who invented the mechanical device called Leibniz Calculator in 1671. Leibniz calculator could even do multiplication , division ,square roots with addition and subtraction. CHARLES BABBAGE Charles Babbage, a british mathematician is known as the father of computer. He invented a mechanical computer , called the Difference Engine in 1822 and the analytical Engine in 1833. The Analytical Engine had five units- Input, Output, Store, Mill and Control. Store was used for storing the data, and Mill was the Calculating Unit. Control Unit was used to control all the units. AUGUSTA ADA LOVELACE Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace, was known as first programmer, who suggested the use of Binary Data Storage (0 and 1) instead of decimal number system. GEORGE BOOLE George Boole invented the logic of Boolean algebra. The data is represented in binary series of 0 and 1. Here, 0 is considered as negative and 1 is considered as positive. DR. HERMAN HOLLERITH Herman Hollerith, invented Tabulating machine. The input was given through punched cards. The punched cards were used to record and store data or information. HOWARD AIKEN Howard Aiken developed the first automatic sequence-controlled calculator, Mark 1 in 1944. It was capable of executing long computations automatically. JOHN VON NEUMANN He initiated the use of the memory to store data and programs. Later the team used binary code to built EDVAC in 1950. Some electronic Types ‘computer which were used earlier:- ENIAC- Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer. It was the first general purpose electronics digital computer. UNIVAC- It was the world’s first computer to be used as a commercial purpose. It was the first computer to handle both numeric and text data. It was also the first computer to use buffer memory with magnetic tape unit. Generations of Computers:- Generations Circuitry Input Device Output Storage Language Device Device and Example First Vacuum Tube Punched Printout Magnetic Machine, Generation cards and Tapes assembly 1940 -1956 Paper Tapes language. Eg.- ENIAC UNIVAC , Second Transistors Punched Printout Magnetic FORTRON, Generation cards and Tapes COBOL, (1956 – Paper Tapes BASICS 1963) Eg.- IBM1400 Third Integrated Keyboard Monitor PASCAL, Generation Circuits(IC) Magnetic FORTRAN, (1964 – Disks COBOL 1971) Eg.- IBM, APPLE 1 Fourth Micro Keyboard, Monitor, Use of Generation Processors Mouse, Printer, Hard special (1972 to (VLSC) Scanner Speaker Disk softwares. present) Eg.- C++, RDBMS Fifth Optical fiber Pattern Generation Artificial technology Monitor, Hard Recognition (Present & Intelligence(AI) to handle Printer, Disk of Beyond) Artificial Speaker voice,face intellingence. & images. Eg.- Google Assistant in smartphone Types of Computer:- Micro Computers- The Desktops, laptops, tablets which we generally use comes under Micro Computer. Mini Computers- These computes are in bigger size and are used in banks , universities, etc. Mainframe Computers- These are big memory size computers which are used in airline , railway ticket reservation, stock exchange markets, etc. Super Computers- These computers have very high processing speed. These computers are generally used for space research, satellite control, weather forecasting, etc. .