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KEEYASK GENERATION PROJECT June 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS 4.0 POPULATION, INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES ................... 4-1 4.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 4-1 4.2 APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY .................................................................... 4-3 4.2.1 Population ........................................................................................... 4-4 4.2.1.1 Current Population ........................................................................... 4-4 4.2.1.2 Keeyask Cree Nations: Projected Population................................... 4-5 4.2.1.3 Gillam: Projected Population ........................................................... 4-7 4.2.1.4 Thompson: Projected Population ..................................................... 4-7 4.2.1.5 Project-Related Population Changes ............................................... 4-8 4.2.2 Housing, Infrastructure and Services ................................................. 4-9 4.2.2.1 Construction Phase ........................................................................... 4-9 4.2.2.2 Operation Phase .............................................................................. 4-10 4.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING ........................................................................... 4-11 4.3.1 Population/Migration – Local Study Area ........................................ 4-13 4.3.1.1 Keeyask Cree Nations Existing Population .................................... 4-13 4.3.1.1.1 Cree Nation Partners .......................................................... 4-15 4.3.1.1.2 Fox Lake Cree Nation ......................................................... 4-21 4.3.1.1.3 York Factory First Nation ................................................... 4-24 4.3.1.2 Keeyask Cree Nations Projected Population .................................. 4-27 4.3.1.3 Gillam .............................................................................................. 4-33 4.3.1.3.1 Current Population .............................................................. 4-34 4.3.1.3.2 Projected Population ....................................................... 4-36 4.3.1.4 Thompson........................................................................................ 4-37 4.3.1.4.1 Current Population .............................................................. 4-37 4.3.1.4.2 Projected Population ....................................................... 4-40 4.3.2 Housing – Local Study Area .............................................................. 4-41 4.3.2.1 Keeyask Cree Nations Housing ...................................................... 4-42 4.3.2.1.1 Cree Nation Partners .......................................................... 4-42 4.3.2.1.2 Fox Lake Cree Nation ..................................................... 4-44 4.3.2.1.3 York Factory First Nation ............................................... 4-47 4.3.2.2 Gillam .............................................................................................. 4-48 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT, RESOURCE USE AND HERITAGE RESOURCES 4-i SECTION 4: POPULATION, INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES KEEYASK GENERATION PROJECT June 2012 4.3.2.3 Thompson ....................................................................................... 4-50 4.3.3 Infrastructure and Services – Local Study Area ................................. 4-53 4.3.3.1 Keeyask Cree Nations Infrastructure and Services ........................ 4-53 4.3.3.1.1 Cree Nation Partners .......................................................... 4-53 4.3.3.1.2 Fox Lake Cree Nation .................................................... 4-63 4.3.3.1.3 York Factory First Nation .............................................. 4-66 4.3.3.2 Gillam ............................................................................................... 4-71 4.3.3.3 Thompson ....................................................................................... 4-78 4.3.4 Land – Local Study Area .................................................................... 4-84 4.3.4.1 Keeyask Cree Nations - Land ......................................................... 4-84 4.3.4.1.1 Cree Nation Partners .......................................................... 4-84 4.3.4.1.2 Fox Lake Cree Nation .................................................... 4-86 4.3.4.1.3 York Factory First Nation .............................................. 4-88 4.3.4.2 Gillam .............................................................................................. 4-89 4.3.4.3 Thompson ....................................................................................... 4-89 4.3.5 Transportation Infrastructure – Local Study Area ............................ 4-89 4.3.5.1 Keeyask Cree Nations ..................................................................... 4-92 4.3.5.1.1 Cree Nation Partners .......................................................... 4-92 4.3.5.1.2 Fox Lake Cree Nation .................................................... 4-94 4.3.5.1.3 York Factory First Nation .............................................. 4-94 4.3.5.2 Gillam .............................................................................................. 4-96 4.3.5.3 Thompson ....................................................................................... 4-96 4.3.6 Regional Study Area – Population ..................................................... 4-97 4.3.7 Regional Study Area – Transportation Infrastructure ....................... 4-99 4.4 ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS ASSESSMENT .................................................... 4-100 4.4.1 Construction Effects and Mitigation ............................................... 4-100 4.4.1.1 Population – Local Study Area ...................................................... 4-100 4.4.1.1.1 Keeyask Cree Nations ....................................................... 4-101 4.4.1.1.2 Gillam ................................................................................ 4-103 4.4.1.1.3 Thompson ......................................................................... 4-104 4.4.1.1.4 Mitigation .......................................................................... 4-105 4.4.1.2 Housing – Local Study Area .......................................................... 4-105 4.4.1.2.1 Keeyask Cree Nations ....................................................... 4-105 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT, RESOURCE USE AND HERITAGE RESOURCES 4-ii SECTION 4: POPULATION, INFRASTRUCTURE AND SERVICES KEEYASK GENERATION PROJECT June 2012 4.4.1.2.2 Gillam ............................................................................ 4-106 4.4.1.2.3 Thompson ..................................................................... 4-107 4.4.1.2.4 Mitigation ...................................................................... 4-107 4.4.1.3 Infrastructure and Services – Local Study Area ............................. 4-107 4.4.1.3.1 Keeyask Cree Nations ....................................................... 4-108 4.4.1.3.2 Gillam ............................................................................ 4-110 4.4.1.3.3 Thompson ..................................................................... 4-112 4.4.1.3.4 Mitigation ...................................................................... 4-112 4.4.1.4 Land – Local Study Area ............................................................... 4-113 4.4.1.4.1 Keeyask Cree Nations ....................................................... 4-113 4.4.1.4.2 Gillam ............................................................................ 4-113 4.4.1.4.3 Thompson ..................................................................... 4-114 4.4.1.4.4 Mitigation ...................................................................... 4-114 4.4.1.5 Transportation Infrastructure – Local Study Area ........................ 4-114 4.4.1.5.1 Keeyask Cree Nations ....................................................... 4-115 4.4.1.5.2 Gillam ............................................................................ 4-115 4.4.1.5.3 Thompson ..................................................................... 4-116 4.4.1.5.4 Mitigation ...................................................................... 4-116 4.4.1.6 Population – Regional Study Area ................................................. 4-117 4.4.1.7 Transportation Infrastructure – Regional Study Area ................... 4-117 4.4.1.8 Construction Monitoring ............................................................... 4-117 4.4.2 Operation Effects and Mitigation .................................................... 4-118 4.4.2.1 Population/Migration – Local Study Area .................................... 4-118 4.4.2.1.1 Keeyask Cree Nations ....................................................... 4-119 4.4.2.1.2 Gillam ............................................................................ 4-119 4.4.2.1.3 Thompson ..................................................................... 4-120 4.4.2.1.4 Mitigation ...................................................................... 4-120 4.4.2.2 Housing – Local Study Area .......................................................... 4-120 4.4.2.2.1 Keeyask Cree Nations ................................................... 4-121 4.4.2.2.2 Gillam ...........................................................................