The Fire Brigades Union It’s about time Why emergency response times matter to firefighters and the public Contents Preface.......................................................................................................................................................................................2 1. Introduction .........................................................................................................................................................3 2. They say response times don’t matter .....................................................................................5 2.1 “Deaths offset”...........................................................................................................................................5 2.2 Traffic congestion does not explain it ..............................................................................................5 2.3 “80% already dead” ..................................................................................................................................6 2.4 Variation in local response ....................................................................................................................6 2.5 The postcode lottery................................................................................................................................8 3. Why response times matter..............................................................................................................11 3.1 Saving lives ...............................................................................................................................................11 3.2 Homes and workplaces .......................................................................................................................14 3.3 The environment ....................................................................................................................................17 4. Conclusions.......................................................................................................................................................19 4.1 The case for national standards ......................................................................................................19 4.2 What should national standards be based on? .........................................................................20 4.3 Risk-assessed resource planning.....................................................................................................21 4.4 For national standards.........................................................................................................................22 4.5 It’s not just about time........................................................................................................................22 Appendices ........................................................................................................................................................................24 Appendix 1: Average response times in dwelling fires by country and FRS area, UK, 2006-2008 .........................................................................................................................................................24 Appendix 2: Previous National Standards of Fire Cover.........................................................................27 Appendix 3: Simplified draft national fire cover guidelines for protection of life from fire in dwellings. From Entec 23 May 1997 .......................................................................................28 1 Preface Matt Wrack, for firefighters to get in, effect a rescue and put the fire FBU general secretary out with the minimum of damage. Saving people’s lives is still Firefighters will not accept the argument that response the heart of a firefighter’s times are irrelevant. Built into a firefighter’s DNA is the job. Over 3,000 people are desire to intervene swiftly – to make that difference as rescued from fires in to whether someone lives or dies, whether they are England every year, temporarily overcome with smoke or maimed for life, according to imperfect or whether someone loses their home and their prize government data.1 possessions. Between 500 and 600 rescues from fires are carried out annually in Scotland, To be told that rapid response to fires and other according to official figures.2 The Fire Brigades Union emergencies somehow doesn’t matter, or is “offset” by estimates that 200,000 people have been rescued from other fire prevention measures, simply won’t wash with fires or vehicle crashes since 1990, when records firefighters. Response times matter because people and began to be kept. And many more have been rescued their lives matter. That’s our creed. from terrorist incidents, floods and other 999 incidents.3 The Fire Brigades Union and its 45,000 members – as well as a sizeable number of chief fire officers, fire authority These are people who might be dead today, but are members, fire industry and technical experts, the alive because of the intervention of firefighters. These business community and the insurance industry – all are people who might have far more serious injuries, recognise the importance of response times. On those but for the rapid response of firefighters. It is to occasions when the public are meaningfully consulted preserve life – to save those who would otherwise and given the opportunity to air their opinion, they are in perish – that firefighters adhere so strongly to the chorus opposing cuts that result in fewer firefighters, motto: “every second counts”. stations and engines and increased response times. The importance of emergency response is widely This report argues that the lack of underpinning national recognised. The FBU agrees with the House of standards has led the fire and rescue service down a Commons Communities and Local Government (CLG) very dangerous road. It is a road that has led to the Committee, which wrote recently: “The primary purpose worsening of response times, increased fire losses and of the fire and rescue service is the prompt and efficient increased deaths of both members of the public and mobilisation of firefighters in response to a fire or other firefighters. In the following pages we illustrate how far related incident, in order to save lives and protect things have been allowed to slip. With reference to 4 property. This is a key aspect of public safety.” current examples, we will show the science and evidence Yet responses times have worsened significantly over that supports the FBU position and conclude with the last decade. The time between an emergency call practical proposals. The document explains the need for being received and a fire engine arriving has risen national response standards in Scotland and England, slowly upwards. This is a vital concern for members of as have been in place in Wales since 2006. the public, who rightly expect that when they make the The public are right to expect a decent level of provision. call for help, it will come quickly. Communities, workplaces and businesses all need to Increasingly, senior individuals within the fire and know that when they call the fire and rescue service, they rescue service attempt to perpetuate the myth that it will get a rapid response – whenever they need it. FBU doesn’t matter how long it takes to get to a fire. They members will be campaigning on the issue, speaking to say it’s already too late, or it is better to put resources councillors and fire and rescue authority/board members, into preventing fires. But fire alarms are most useful MPs, MSPs, MLAs and AMs (where appropriate) and because they widen the window of intervention – they mobilising members of the public to make response give people more time to call for help and more time times an issue. It’s about time. 1The number of people rescued from fires in dwellings by the fire and rescue service in each year 1994 to 2006. Hansard, 21 April 2008 (1404W) 2Fergus Ewing, Scottish Minister for Community Safety, 25 February 2010 (S3W-31446) 3FBU, 2008, Tragedy, Loss, Hope, Help http://www.fbu.org.uk/newspress/pressrelease/2008/pdf/frs_rescues_report.pdf 4House of Commons Communities and Local Government Committee FiReControl Fifth Report of Session 2009-10, 1 April 2010, p.7 2 1. Introduction It should be a scandal that fire service response times The government does not publish accessible figures on across the UK are getting worse. The FBU has found the issue. Statistics are fragmented across different evidence in official figures which show that appliances departments responsible for fire in England, Scotland, are taking longer to get to fires now than a decade Wales and Northern Ireland. This makes it difficult to ago. The union does not accept that this is just compare like with like from service to service and is because of traffic congestion, as response times at clearly not a mistake by some who wish to hide the night are also slower. consequences of their actions. In 2009, the Department for Communities and Local Government (CLG) published a report called Review of Why response times are getting worse Fire and Rescue Service response times: Fire Research Series 1/2009, written by Greenstreet Berman Ltd5. Table 1.1 The FBU believes that the real reason for slower from that report showed how average response times response times is the disastrous, Westminster-inspired in England had increased between 1996 and 2006: “modernisation” approach adopted by some fire authority