Report ITU-R BT.2140-9 (07/2015) Transition from analogue to digital terrestrial broadcasting BT Series Broadcasting service (television) ii Rep. ITU-R BT.2140-9 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio- frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Annex 1 of Resolution ITU-R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Reports (Also available online at http://www.itu.int/publ/R-REP/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management Note: This ITU-R Report was approved in English by the Study Group under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2015 ITU 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rep. ITU-R BT.2140-9 1 REPORT ITU-R BT.2140-9 Transition from analogue to digital terrestrial broadcasting (2008-2009-2010-05/2011-10/2011-2012-2013-2014-02/2015-07/2015) Note by the Chairman A Group was tasked to prepare a Report on the Transition from analogue to digital broadcasting by WP 6E of ITU-R with Decision annexed to the Chairman’s Report as Corrigendum 1 to Annex 17 to Document 6E/39/30-01-2004 of WP 6E. The Group had nine meetings and prepared a draft final version of the Report. Three meetings were held, the first at the EBU Headquarters in Geneva on 13 January 2004, the second in Milan on 26 and 27 February 2004 and the third, organized during the April 2004 meeting of WP 6E. As a result of these meetings the Group defined and adopted the Draft Contents of the Report. The next six meetings were held in Rome on 7-9 July 2004, in October 2004 during the meeting of WP 6E, in Venice on 3- 4 March 2005, in Rome on 27-28 June 2005, in Seoul in August 2006, in Rome on 17-18 January 2007 and in Rome on 3-6 December 2007. At this meeting the Group concluded its work and will present its Final Report to the WP 6E meeting planned for May 2008. The purpose of this Report is to help the Countries that are in the process of migrating from analogue to digital terrestrial broadcasting. The Report examines the reasons why this is happening and the technologies involved. It provides an overview of digital terrestrial sound and television broadcasting technologies and system migration. The Report outlines the available options for making that transition and the route to be followed. The Report is divided into two parts. Part 1 deals with the main issues related with the transition to digital, presents the principal problems and possible solutions. Part 2 gives more detailed information on important aspects which have already been covered in Part 1. List of participants Arasteh K. (IRN), Bochent D. (F), Cane M. (I), Canzio A. (I), Cruciatti M. (I), Dotolev V. (RUS), Valderez de Almeida Donzelli (B) Fujii T. (J), Giudici P.V. (CVA), Hate M. (UK), Kantchev P. (BUL), Kim K. (KOR), Kisrawi N. (SYR), Lazzarini P. (CVA), Magenta A. (I), Masullo G. (I), Mege Ph. (F), Mimis V. (CAN), Montrucchio S. (I), Nalbandian A. (ARM ), Olson L. (USA), Perpar S. (SVN), Perrazzino A. (I), Puigrefagut E. (EBU), Salvatori S. (CVA), Simic M. (Ser), Scotti A. (I), Spells G. (UK), Stanley G. (UK), Tsuchida K.(J), Vasseur P. (F). 2 Rep. ITU-R BT.2140-9 Part 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Chapter 1 – to Part 1 ................................................................................................................ 5 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Purpose of Report ............................................................................................... 5 1.2 General ................................................................................................................ 5 1.3 Why Digital? – Technical Considerations .......................................................... 6 1.4 Why digital? – Commercial and regulatory considerations ............................... 6 1.5 How digital? – Technical and regulatory considerations ................................... 7 1.6 How digital? – Commercial considerations ........................................................ 8 1.7 ITU activities ...................................................................................................... 9 1.8 The scope and the future of SG 6 ....................................................................... 9 2 Overview of broadcasting technologies ......................................................................... 14 2.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 14 2.2 Analogue broadcasting technologies and systems .............................................. 16 2.3 Planning considerations for analogue and digital systems ................................. 17 2.4 Digital broadcasting technologies and systems .................................................. 19 2.5 Digital sound broadcasting ................................................................................. 22 2.6 Digital terrestrial television broadcasting ........................................................... 26 2.7 Summary ............................................................................................................. 34 2.8 Evaluation of potential digital sound and TV broadcasting systems .................. 34 3 Application and implementation of digital broadcasting ............................................... 36 3.1 Regulatory considerations .................................................................................. 36 3.2 Efficient usage of broadcasting spectrum ........................................................... 37 3.3 Requirements of sound and television broadcasting services ............................. 37 3.4 Aspects related to the interoperability of systems .............................................. 38 3.5 Components of digital sound broadcasting equipment ....................................... 39 3.6 Components of digital television broadcasting equipment ................................. 40 3.7 Data broadcasting ............................................................................................... 41 3.8 Broadcasting services for mobile reception ........................................................ 41 3.9 Interference aspects ............................................................................................ 42 Rep. ITU-R BT.2140-9 3 Page 4 Transition issues ............................................................................................................. 43 4.1 Spectrum availability .......................................................................................... 43 4.2 Broadcasting planning principles ....................................................................... 46 4.3 Quality of service ................................................................................................ 48 4.4 Economical aspects of spectrum utilization ....................................................... 48 4.5 Health, safety and other legal considerations ..................................................... 48 4.6 Switchover analogue to digital ........................................................................... 48 1 Australia.......................................................................................................................... 51 2 Brazil .............................................................................................................................. 52 3 Bulgaria .......................................................................................................................... 52 4 Canada ............................................................................................................................ 53 5 China ............................................................................................................................... 53 Macao ............................................................................................................................ 56 6 Germany ......................................................................................................................... 56 7 Guinea ............................................................................................................................