Kosciuszko National Park Huts Conservation Strategy Report prepared for NSW NPWS ISBN 1 74137 527 4 DEC 2005/404 October 2005 Godden Mackay Logan Contents Page Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................i Vision ................................................................................................................................................................................. i Scope ................................................................................................................................................................................ i Cultural Significance .........................................................................................................................................................ii Conservation Policy ..........................................................................................................................................................iv Major Policy Elements .....................................................................................................................................................iv Priorities .......................................................................................................................................................................iv Rebuilding/Reconstruction and/or Commemoration/Interpretation .............................................................................. v Partnerships with Associated Communities ................................................................................................................vii Formal Agreement with the KHA ..................................................................................................................................vii Priority Implementation Tasks ..........................................................................................................................................vii Best Practice Heritage Management .............................................................................................................................. viii 1.0 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Project Objectives ..................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Project Study Area and Scope ................................................................................................................................... 1 1.4 Project Methodology .................................................................................................................................................. 2 1.5 Authorship .................................................................................................................................................................. 4 1.6 Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................................. 4 1.7 Sources of Information and Copyright ....................................................................................................................... 5 2.0 Historical Overview ................................................................................................................................. 7 2.1 The Cultural Landscape of Kosciuszko National Park ............................................................................................... 7 2.2 The Underlying Landscape Processes ...................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.2 Geology and Geomorphology ........................................................................................................................... 8 2.2.3 Vegetation .......................................................................................................................................................... 8 2.3 A Complex History of Human Interaction with the Landscape ................................................................................. 9 2.3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 9 2.3.2 Indigenous Use of and Associations with the Kosciuszko National Park Landscape .......................................10 2.3.3 Early-to-mid Nineteenth Century ....................................................................................................................... 12 2.3.4 Mid-to-late Nineteenth Century ........................................................................................................................ 12 2.3.5 Turn of the Century ............................................................................................................................................ 13 2.3.6 Mid-twentieth Century ....................................................................................................................................... 15 2.3.7 Late-twentieth Century ...................................................................................................................................... 16 2.3.8 Early twenty-first Century .................................................................................................................................. 16 2.4 Endnotes .................................................................................................................................................................. 20 3.0 The Huts of Kosciuszko National Park ....................................................................................................... 23 3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................................. 23 3.2 Huts Overview .......................................................................................................................................................... 23 3.3 Huts and Their Landscape Setting ........................................................................................................................... 24 3.3.1 The Distribution of Huts in Relation to Vegetation and Topography .................................................................. 24 3.3.2 Huts and Historic Paths in the Landscape ....................................................................................................... 25 3.3.3 Huts and Geographic Landscape Units ............................................................................................................ 26 3.4 Huts and Use Associations ..................................................................................................................................... 29 3.4.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 29 3.4.2 Indigenous Community Associations ............................................................................................................... 30 3.4.3 Historic Use Associations ................................................................................................................................. 30 3.5 Huts and Family Associations .................................................................................................................................. 35 Kosciuszko National Park—Huts Conservation Strategy, October 2005 Godden Mackay Logan 3.6 Huts and Continuing Patterns of Use ....................................................................................................................... 36 3.6.1 Huts and Continuing/Contemporary Use ........................................................................................................... 36 3.6.2 Huts and Continuing/Contemporary Trails and Routes .................................................................................... 37 3.7 Huts and New South Wales and Australian Heritage Themes ................................................................................. 39 3.8 Hut Building Types, Construction and Materials .................................................................................................... 39 3.8.1 Building Types ................................................................................................................................................... 39 3.8.2 The Spatial Arrangements of Huts .................................................................................................................... 41 3.8.3 The Structure and Construction Materials of Huts ............................................................................................ 42 3.9 Associated Cultural Plantings, Objects, and Movable Heritage ............................................................................... 45 3.10 Huts Lost in