May 15, 2007 ͉ vol. 104 ͉ no. 20 ͉ 8197–8562 Proceedings of the National Academy ofPNAS Sciences of the United States of America www.pnas.org Cover image: Mu¨ller glial cells act as living optical fibers, transporting light through the inverted retina of vertebrates. With their funnel-shaped endfeet, Mu¨ller cells collect light at the retinal surface and guide it to photoreceptor cells on the opposite side. Images are thus transmitted through optically distorting tissue. See the article by Franze et al. on pages 8287–8292. Image courtesy of Jens Grosche. From the Cover 8287 Living optical fibers 8257 Rhomboid protease gating 8352 Costa Rica’s vanishing amphibians 8403 DNA mutation showers 8520 Nav1.8 channel blocker inhibits pain Contents PHYSICAL SCIENCES APPLIED PHYSICAL SCIENCES 8207 Single-molecule mass spectrometry in solution THIS WEEK IN PNAS using a solitary nanopore Joseph W. F. Robertson, Claudio G. Rodrigues, Vincent M. Stanford, Kenneth A. Rubinson, 8197 In This Issue Oleg V. Krasilnikov, and John J. Kasianowicz 8212 The directed cooperative assembly of proteorhodopsin into 2D and 3D polarized arrays COMMENTARIES Hongjun Liang, Gregg Whited, Chi Nguyen, and Galen D. Stucky 8199 From rhomboid function to structure and back again CHEMISTRY Raquel L. Lieberman and Michael S. Wolfe ➜ See companion article on page 8257 8218 A cell nanoinjector based on carbon nanotubes Xing Chen, Andras Kis, A. Zettl, and Carolyn R. Bertozzi 8201 Climate change implicated in amphibian 8223 Array feature size influences nucleic acid surface capture and lizard declines in DNA microarrays David B. Wake David S. Dandy, Peng Wu, and David W. Grainger ➜ See companion article on page 8352 ENGINEERING 8203 Mutations in clusters and showers 8229 A kinematic description of the trajectories of Listeria John W. Drake monocytogenes propelled by actin comet tails ➜ See companion article on page 8403 V. B. Shenoy, D. T. Tambe, A. Prasad, and J. A. Theriot 8205 Subtype-selective sodium channel blockers promise SOCIAL SCIENCES a new era of pain research Birgit T. Priest and Gregory J. Kaczorowski ➜ See companion article on page 8520 PSYCHOLOGY 8235 The neural basis of the interaction between theory of mind and moral judgment Liane Young, Fiery Cushman, Marc Hauser, Freely available online through the PNAS open access option. and Rebecca Saxe PNAS ͉ May 15, 2007 ͉ vol. 104 ͉ no. 20 ͉ iii–ix Downloaded by guest on September 26, 2021 8241 Effect of congenital blindness on the semantic 8281 Rigidity-driven growth and migration of epithelial representation of some everyday concepts cells on microstructured anisotropic substrates Andrew C. Connolly, Lila R. Gleitman, Alexandre Saez, Marion Ghibaudo, Axel Buguin, and Sharon L. Thompson-Schill Pascal Silberzan, and Benoıˆt Ladoux 8490 Neural interactions between flicker-induced 8287 Mu¨ller cells are living optical fibers in the self-organized visual hallucinations and vertebrate retina physical stimuli Kristian Franze, Jens Grosche, Serguei N. Skatchkov, Vincent A. Billock and Brian H. Tsou Stefan Schinkinger, Christian Foja, Detlev Schild, Ortrud Uckermann, Kort Travis, Andreas Reichenbach, and Jochen Guck BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES 8293 Structural basis for functional mimicry of long-variable-arm tRNA by transfer-messenger RNA APPLIED BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Yoshitaka Bessho, Rie Shibata, Shun-ichi Sekine, 8247 APEx 2-hybrid, a quantitative protein–protein interaction Kazutaka Murayama, Kyoko Higashijima, Chie assay for antibody discovery and engineering Hori-Takemoto, Mikako Shirouzu, Seiki Kuramitsu, Ki Jun Jeong, Min Jeong Seo, Brent L. Iverson, and Shigeyuki Yokoyama and George Georgiou 8299 Stabilization of RAD-51–DNA filaments via an interaction 8253 Prandiology of Drosophila and the CAFE assay domain in Caenorhabditis elegans BRCA2 William W. Ja, Gil B. Carvalho, Elizabeth M. Mak, Mark I. R. Petalcorin, Vitold E. Galkin, Xiong Yu, Noelle N. de la Rosa, Annie Y. Fang, Jonathan C. Edward H. Egelman, and Simon J. Boulton Liong, Ted Brummel, and Seymour Benzer 8305 Crystal structure of the Sec4p⅐Sec2p complex in the nucleotide exchanging intermediate state BIOCHEMISTRY Yusuke Sato, Shuya Fukai, Ryuichiro Ishitani, 8257 Enzymatic analysis of a rhomboid intramembrane and Osamu Nureki protease implicates transmembrane helix 5 as 8311 Intrinsic disorder as a mechanism to optimize the lateral substrate gate allosteric coupling in proteins Rosanna P. Baker, Keith Young, Liang Feng, Yigong Vincent J. Hilser and E. Brad Thompson Shi, and Sinisa Urban ➜ See Commentary on page 8199 8316 Inhibiting HIV-1 integrase by shifting its oligomerization equilibrium 8263 Contribution of hydrophobic and electrostatic Zvi Hayouka, Joseph Rosenbluh, Aviad Levin, interactions to the membrane integration of the Shoshana Loya, Mario Lebendiker, Dmitry ؉ Shaker K channel voltage sensor domain Veprintsev, Moshe Kotler, Amnon Hizi, Liyan Zhang, Yoko Sato, Tara Hessa, Gunnar Abraham Loyter, and Assaf Friedler von Heijne, Jong-Kook Lee, Itsuo Kodama, Masao Sakaguchi, and Nobuyuki Uozumi CELL BIOLOGY 8269 Directed evolution of gene-shuffled IFN-␣ molecules 8218 A cell nanoinjector based on carbon nanotubes with activity profiles tailored for treatment of chronic Xing Chen, Andras Kis, A. Zettl, and Carolyn R. Bertozzi viral diseases Amy D. Brideau-Andersen, Xiaojian Huang, Siu-Chi Chang 8322 Opening of connexin 43 hemichannels is increased Sun, Teddy T. Chen, Diane Stark, Ian J. Sas, Linda Zadik, by lowering intracellular redox potential Glenn N. Dawes, Douglas R. Guptill, Robert McCord, Mauricio A. Retamal, Kurt A. Schalper, Kenji F. Shoji, ´ Sridhar Govindarajan, Ajoy Roy, Shumin Yang, Judy Michael V. L. Bennett, and Juan C. Saez Gao, Yong Hong Chen, Niels Jørgen Ø. Skartved, 8328 Profiling signaling polarity in chemotactic cells Annette K. Pedersen, David Lin, Christopher P. Yingchun Wang, Shi-Jian Ding, Wei Wang, Jon M. Jacobs, Locher, Indrani Rebbapragada, Anne Dam Wei-Jun Qian, Ronald J. Moore, Feng Yang, David G. Jensen, Steven H. Bass, Torben L. Nissen, Camp II, Richard D. Smith, and Richard L. Klemke Sridhar Viswanathan, Graham R. Foster, Julian A. Symons, and Phillip A. Patten 8334 Surveillance mechanism linking Bub1 loss to the p53 pathway 8275 Allosteric regulation of an essential trypanosome Ole V. Gjoerup, Jiaping Wu, Devin Chandler-Militello, polyamine biosynthetic enzyme by a catalytically Grace L. Williams, Jean Zhao, Brian Schaffhausen, dead homolog Parmjit S. Jat, and Thomas M. Roberts Erin K. Willert, Richard Fitzpatrick, and Margaret A. Phillips DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY BIOPHYSICS 8340 Decondensing the protamine domain for transcription 8207 Single-molecule mass spectrometry in solution Rui Pires Martins and Stephen A. Krawetz using a solitary nanopore Joseph W. F. Robertson, Claudio G. Rodrigues, 8346 The conserved transcriptome in human and rodent Vincent M. Stanford, Kenneth A. Rubinson, male gametogenesis Oleg V. Krasilnikov, and John J. Kasianowicz Fre´de´ric Chalmel, Antoine D. Rolland, Christa Niederhauser- Wiederkehr, Sanny S. W. Chung, Philippe Demougin, 8229 A kinematic description of the trajectories of Listeria Alexandre Gattiker, James Moore, Jean-Jacques monocytogenes propelled by actin comet tails Patard, Debra J. Wolgemuth, Bernard Je´gou, V. B. Shenoy, D. T. Tambe, A. Prasad, and J. A. Theriot and Michael Primig PNAS ͉ May 15, 2007 ͉ vol. 104 ͉ no. 20 ͉ v Downloaded by guest on September 26, 2021 ECOLOGY 8421 A silent chemokine receptor regulates steady-state 8352 Amphibian and reptile declines over 35 years leukocyte homing in vivo at La Selva, Costa Rica Kornelia Heinzel, Claudia Benz, and Conrad C. Bleul Steven M. Whitfield, Kristen E. Bell, Thomas Philippi, 8427 Immunization with hepatitis C virus-like particles results Mahmood Sasa, Federico Bolan˜os, Gerardo Chaves, in control of hepatitis C virus infection in chimpanzees Jay M. Savage, and Maureen A. Donnelly Gamal A. Elmowalid, Ming Qiao, Sook-Hyang Jeong, ➜ See Commentary on page 8201 Brian B. Borg, Thomas F. Baumert, Ronda K. Sapp, 8357 Evolutionary responses of discontinuous gas exchange Zongyi Hu, Krishna Murthy, and T. Jake Liang in insects 8433 Agalactosylated IgG antibodies depend on cellular Craig R. White, Tim M. Blackburn, John S. Terblanche, Fc receptors for in vivo activity Elrike Marais, Marc Gibernau, and Steven L. Chown Falk Nimmerjahn, Robert M. Anthony, 8362 Trophic cascade facilitates coral recruitment in and Jeffrey V. Ravetch a marine reserve Peter J. Mumby, Alastair R. Harborne, Jodene Williams, MEDICAL SCIENCES Carrie V. Kappel, Daniel R. Brumbaugh, Fiorenza Micheli, 8438 Activated Cdc42-associated kinase Ack1 promotes Katherine E. Holmes, Craig P. Dahlgren, Claire B. Paris, prostate cancer progression via androgen receptor and Paul G. Blackwell tyrosine phosphorylation 8368 Habitat specialization, body size, and family identity Nupam P. Mahajan, Yuanbo Liu, Samarpan Majumder, explain lepidopteran density–area relationships in Maria R. Warren, Carol E. Parker, James L. Mohler, a cross-continental comparison H. Shelton Earp, and Young E. Whang Peter A. Hamba¨ck, Keith S. Summerville, Ingolf 8444 Effective therapy of murine models of human Steffan-Dewenter, Jochen Krauss, Go¨ran Englund, leukemia and lymphoma with radiolabeled and Thomas O. Crist anti-CD30 antibody, HeFi-1 8374 Multitrophic interaction facilitates parasite–host Meili Zhang, Zhengsheng Yao, Hiral Patel, Kayhan relationship between an invasive beetle and Garmestani, Zhuo Zhang, Vladimir S. Talanov, Paul S. the honey bee Plascjak, Carolyn K. Goldman, John E. Janik, Martin