2 การวิเคราะห์ความหมายภาษาไม่ตรงตัวในเนื้อหาบทเพลงโดยบรูโน่ มาร์ส Analysis of Non-literal meaning in Song Lyrics by Bruno Mars ดร.ประดิษฐ์ นารีรักษ์1 Dr. Pradit Nareerak บทคัดย่อ การวิจัยครั้งนี้มีจุดมุ่งหมายเพื่อวิเคราะห์ความหมายภาษาไม่ตรงตัวในเนื้อหาบทเพลงโดยบรูโน่ มาร์ส โดย การศึกษาใช้การพรรณนาวิเคราะห์จากการศึกษาเนื้อหาของบทเพลง ผลการศึกษาพบว่าภาษาไม่ตรงความหมายถูก พบใน 17 บทเพลงจากทั้งหมด 21 บทเพลง และภาษาไม่ตรงความหมายที่พบมีทั้งหมด 36 ประโยค และชนิดที่ใช้ มากที่สุดในบทเพลงคือ นามมัยมี 11 ประโยค หรือ 30.55 เปอร์เซ็นต์ รองลงมาคือ อุปลักษณ์มี 10 ประโยค หรือ 27.78%. เปอร์เซ็นต์ อติพจน์พบเพียง 6 ประโยค หรือ 16.67 เปอร์เซ็นต์ อุปมาพบ 5 ประโยคหรือ13.89 เปอร์เซ็นต์ บุคลาธิษฐานพบ 3 ประโยค หรือ 8.57 เปอร์เซ็นต์ ส่วนอนุนามนัย มีเพียงUnivercity 1 ประโยค หรือ 2.86 เปอร์เซ็นต์ ส่วนปฏิพจน์ไม่มีปรากฏในเนื้อหาของบทเพลงใดๆ ค าส าคัญ: การวิเคราะห์, ความหมายภาษาไม่ตรงตัว, เนื้อหาบทเพลง, บรูโน่ มาร์ส Rajabhat Abstract The purpose of the research was to analyzePhet non -literal meaning in the song Lyrics by Bruno Mars. The data were analyzed using descriptive contentConference analysis. The findings of the study revealed that non-literal meaning expressions were found in seventeen songs out of twenty one songs, and thirty six none-literal meaning expressions were used in the lyrics, and the most used kind of none-literal meaningKamphaeng in the albumNational was metonymy which has 11 sentences or was at 30.55%, followed by metaphor, which has 10 sentences or was at 27.78%. Hyperbole has 6 sentences or was 1stat 16.67%. Simile has 5 sentences or was at 13.89%. Personification has 3 sentences or was at 8.33%. Synecdoche has only 1 sentence or was at 2.78%. Only Paradox is not used inThe any songs. Keywords: Analysis, Non-literal meaning, Song Lyrics, Bruno Mars Introduction 1 ผู้ช่วยศาสตราจารย์ประจ าสาขาวิชาภาษาอังกฤษ คณะมนุษยศาสตร์และสังคมศาสตร์ มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏกาแพงเพชร 3 Language plays very important role to human life and it is very difficult to imagine life without the language. We use the language to communicate with each other in various forms such as speaking, writing, including body language. So studying the language is very important for human beings. The study of language meaning is important in linguistic branch. Parker and Riley (2010, p. 26) said that the study of meaning of words, phrases, and sentence is called Semantics. In Semantics, meaning can be divided into two parts: literal meaning and non-literal meaning. Literal meaning means the explanation of the exact words as stated in the dictionary. On the contrary, when the speaker speaks something, and intends to convey its meaning different from the meaning of the words he mentions, it is called non-literal meaning. Non-literal meaning is traditionally called figurative language or figurative meaning. Figurative language is a technique in writing in which the author temporarilyUnivercity interrupts the order, construction, or meaning of the writing for a particular effect. This provides a writer with the opportunity to write imaginatively, it also tests the imagination of the reader, forcing the reader to go below the surface of a literary work into deep, hidden meanings. In literary works such as novel, drama, prose,Rajabhat poem, short story, the writer often puts non-literary meaning so as to make his work sound elegant, run smooth, appeal to the readers and beautify the language. The use of non-literal meaning can also be found in song lyrics. Bruno Mars or Perter HernandezPhet released his first album ‘Doo-Wops & Hooligans’ in 2010, which many songs such as Just the Way YouConference are, Grenade and The lazy Song proved to be popular around the world. His second album ‘Unorthodox Jukebox’ was released in 2012. Many songs such as Locked Out of Heaven and When I Was Your Man has become international popular. The songKamphaeng lyrics in BrunoNational Mars’s albums are interesting and not difficult to understand. A researcher chooses the song lyrics in his two albums - Doo-Wops & Hooligans and Unorthodox Jukebox as1st the object of the analysis because some of non-literal meanings were contained in the song lyrics and it is assumed that there are many interesting non-literal meanings in the lyrics whichThe are worthy to be analyzed semantically. Purposes of the study 1. To find out the types of non-literal words in the song lyrics by Bruno Mars. 2. To analyze the meaning of each non-literal meaning in the song lyrics by Bruno Mars. 4 Research Questions 1. How many types of non-literal words found in the song lyrics by Bruno Mars.? 2. What is the meaning of each non-literal word found the in song lyrics by Bruno Mars.? Scope of the study The scope of the study is focused on analysis of non-literal meaning, namely Simile, Hyperbole, Personification, Metaphor, Metonymy, Synecdoche and Paradox found in the song lyrics of the two albums – Doo-Wops & Hooligans and Unorthodox Jukebox by Bruno Mars. Methodology This research employs a qualitative method with an emphasis on analysis and interpretation of non-literal meaning found in the song lyrics by BrunoUnivercity Mars. The data were collected from written sources, such as textbooks, thesis, dictionaries and websites. The analysis process was done in analytical description and reported in narrative styles. Findings From the analysis of non-literal meaning of the lyricsRajabhat of 21 songs in the albums of Doo- Wops & Hooligans and Unorthodox Jukebox by Bruno Mars, it was found that non-literal meaning expressions appear in 17 songs as follows: Phet Simile Conference Simile is a kind of non-literal meaning in which a comparison is expressed by the specific use of a word or phrase. In the album, five similes are totally found in four songs, namely Our First Time, Liquor Store Blues, Just The Way You Are, Gorilla: 1. Treat you like a princessKamphaeng (Our First time)National The princess1st is a beautiful, delicate, fragile girl who needs protection. In this passage, the singer compares his lover with a princess because she is beautiful and delicate, and he must protect herThe and treat her as much as he can. 2. you’re so delicious/like ice cream on a sunny day (Our First time) Ice cream is a frozen sweet food made from cream or milk and sugar (Macmillan English Dictionary, 2002, p. 707). The singer compares the girl who he is having intercourse with ice cream because the girl’s body and her smell, in his opinion, will be perfect and satisfy his desire. 3. I’m flying high like superman (Liquor Store Blues) The superman is a man with special power which a common man does not have. He sometimes can fly in the sky and protect the innocent people. In this song, the singer compares himself with a super man after he drank much liquor. 5 4. Oh, her eyes, her eyes make the stars look like they’re not shining (Just The Way You Are) The singer compares the eyes of a girl whom he falls in love with the stars. When the star is shining at night, it looks very nice and beautiful. So in this passage, the singer means that the girl whom he falls in love is more beautiful than the shining of the star. 5. You and me baby making love like gorillas (Gorilla) The singer compares him and his girl making love like gorillas mating. Metaphor Metaphor is a kind of non-literal meaning in which a comparison is not explicitly stated, but instead is simply equated with what is stand for (Prasad, 2001, p. xiii). In this album, nine metaphors are totally found in six songs, namely Our First Time, Runaway Baby, The Other Side, Gorilla, Treasure, Natalie: Univercity 1. You’re my desire (Our First Time) Desire is a strong feeling of wanting to have or do something (Macmillan English Dictionary, 2006, p. 375). The singer compares a Rajabhatgirl who he is going to have sex with desire. So the expression means the girl is the one who can give him pleasure. 2. I’m a wolf in sheep’s clothing (RunawayPhet Baby) The wolf is a fierce wild animal hunting its prey in groups. Even though the wolf sometimes looks nice and lovely, especially Conferenceits fur, it is fierce and dangerous. The singer compares him with a wolf in sheep’s clothing. So the literal meaning of this line means he is a dangerous man who intends to hunt for innocent girls. 3. I’m a rolling stoneKamphaeng (Runaway Baby)National The rolling stone means a person who moves often and never settles down in one place or with anyone.1st The singer compares him with a rolling stone. So the literal meaning of this line meansThe that the singer warns all girls who meet him or associate with him to get away from him because he will not truly love anyone and never settle down with any girls. 4. I’ll be the light to guide you (Runaway Baby) The light means brightness from the sun or from the light, which allows you to see things (Macmillan English Dictionary, 2002, p. 825). The singer compares him with the light. The literal meaning of this line means the singer will be a consultant or the one who helps his lover solve problems when she is in trouble. 5. I’m a monster (The Other Side) 6 The monster is a large, strange, horrible, and frightening creature. Nobody wants to face it. The singer compares him with a monster. So the literal meaning of this line means the singer himself is not a good man. 6. I promise it’s a killer (Gorilla) The killer means someone or something kills or destroys something. The singer compares his action with a killer. The true meaning of this line is that the singer is the dominant one who is going to destroy her virgin (having sex). 7. Honey you’re my golden star The golden star is superiority. The singer compares his lover with a golden star.