INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication o f either blurred copy because o f movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image o f the page can be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photographed, a definite method of “sectioning” the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For illustrations that cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by xerographic means, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and inserted into your xerographic copy. These prints are available upon request from the Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. University Micrcxilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 8107324 Funk, Vicki Ann SYSTEMATICS OF MONTANOA CERV. IN LLAVE & LEX. (COMPOSITAE, HELIANTHEAE) The Ohio State University Ph.D. 1980 University Microfilms International300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 Copyright 1980 by Funk, Vicki Ann All Rights Reserved PLEASE NOTE: In all cases this material has been filmed in the best possible way from the available copy. Problems encountered with this document have been identified here with a check mark V . 1. Glossy photographs or pages______ 2. Colored illustrations, paper or print_______ 3. Photographs with dark background_____ 4. Illustrations are poor cop y_______ 5. Pages with black marks, not original co p y_______ 6. Print shows through as there is text on both sides of p a g e________ 7. Indistinct, broken or small print on several pages_________ 8. Print exceeds margin requirem ents______ 9. Tightly bound cop y with print lost in sp in________ e 10. Computer printout pages with indistinct print________ 11. P age(s)_____________lacking when material received, and not available from school or author. 12. Page(s) 95 seem to be missing in numbering only as text follows. 13. Two pages numbered . Text follows. 14. Curling and wrinkled p a g es______ 15. Dissertation contains pages with print at a slant, filmed as received__________ 16. Other_______________________________________________________________________________ University Microfilms International I SYSTEMATICS OF MONTANOA CERV. IN LLAVE & LEX. (COMPOSITAE, HELIANTHEAE) DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Vicki Ann Funk, B.S., M.S. * * * * * The Ohio State University 1980 Reading Committee: Approved by: Dr. Tod F. Stuessy Dr. Daniel J. Crawford Dr. Emanuel D. Rudolph Advisor Department otany To my parents: Edwin J. Funk and Betty Massenburg Funk and to ir\y first botanical mentor Marian J. Fuller, Murray State University ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost I would like to thank my advisor, Tod F. Stuessy, for his invaluable help and guidance during the course of this study, and my committee members, Daniel J. Crawford, Emanuel Rudolph and Don Johnston, for their suggestions and comments. I would like to thank a number of friends and colleagues who have given of their time to supply me with conversation and encouragement, they include: Daniel R. Brooks, Jere Brunken, James S. Farris, Robert K. Jansen, Dave Keil, John La Duke, Guy L. Nesom, Harold Robinson, Roger W. Sanders, Edith L. Smoot, Billie L. Turner, Larry Watrous and Quentin Wheeler. In addition the following people have aided in sending plant material for this project: Neil Harriman, Ronald L. Hartman, Rogers McVaugh, and Mario Sousa. The following people have accompanied me on various collecting trips to Latin America and deserve a great deal of admiration for their tolerance and perseverance: Judy Canne, Fernando Chiang F., Santiago Diaz, M. E. Fraile, M. Teresa GermSn, Luis D. Gom6 z, Ronald L. Hartman, Kathleen Kerr, Ken Landon, G. Blanca Per§z, Clara Ramos A., M. L. Rico, Roger W. Sanders, Tod F. Stuessy, Mathew Turner and last, but certainly not least, Billie L. Turner. To the numerous other people that I am not able to mention here, thank you. Above all I must acknowledge my family whose support has made this task much easier. i i i 4 The following herbaria have assisted in the loan of material: A, ARIZ, ASU, B, BH, BM, BR, BUF, C, CA, CGE, CM, COL, CR, CU, DS, DUKE, ENCB, F, FI, G, GH, GOTT, K, KIEL, LE, M, MA, MEXU, MICH, MO, MPU, MY, NA, ND, NOG, NY, OXF, P, POM, RSA, S, SMU, TEX, UC, US, VEN, W, and WIS. A number of curators have supplied needed information, they include: H. W. Lack (B), P. Hyypio (BH), M. Canoso (GH), and E. Schofield (NY). Aid was received from the following granting institutions: National Science Foundation (DEB 77-14812), World Health Organization, The Society of Sigma Xi, and The Ohio State University Graduate School. Without these grants, the field studies necessary for this project could not have been completed. iv t VITA BIRTHDATE: 26 November 1947 EDUCATION: B.S. Murray State University, Biology and History, 1969 M.S. Murray State University, Biology, 1975 Ph.D. Ohio State University, Botany, 1980 PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE: High School Teacher - General Science and Math, Hancock County, KY, 1969-1970 Worked in West Germany and traveled in western Europe, 1970-1972 High School Teacher - General Science and Biology, McCracken County, KY, 1972-1973 Teaching Assistant - General Botany and General Zoology, Murray State University, 1974-1975 Teaching Associate - General Biology and Local Flora, The Ohio State University, 1975-1976 Assistant Curator of the Herbarium - The Ohio State University, 1976-1977 Teaching Associate - General Botany, General Biology and Plant Taxonomy, The Ohio State University, 1977-1978 Research Associate - for Dr. Tod F. Stuessy, The Ohio State University, 1978-1979 v s FELLOWSHIPS: Graduate School Summer Research Fellow, 1979 University Presidential Fellow, 1979-1980 RESEARCH GRANTS: CIRS grant from Murray State University to cover field expenses incurred in collecting for master's thesis, 1975 National Science Foundation "Doctoral Dissertation Research in Systematic Biology" to cover expenses incurred in four trips to collect plant material in Mexico and Central America, 1977-1979 The Society of Sigma Xi Grant-in-Aid to cover part of the expenses of a trip to the following: U.S. National Herbarium, Gray Herbarium and the Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, 1978 World Health Organization grant to cover part of the expenses of a collecting trip to Costa Rica, 1980 The Ohio State University Graduate School grant to cover part of the expenses of a collecting trip to Costa Rica, 1980 HONORS: Beta Beta Beta (honorary biology fraternity), 1973-present Graduate Student Leadership Award presented by the Graduate School of The Ohio State University, 1977 The Society of Sigma Xi, 1976-present Sigma Delta Epsilon (honorary fraternity for women in science), 1979-present ! PROFESSIONAL SERVICE: Manuscripts reviewed for: Systematic Botany (Editorial Board) Systematic Zoology Brittonia Taxon Symposium chaired "Phylogenetic Methods and Approaches" at the First Annual Meeting of the Hennigian Society, October 1980 ABSTRACTS: Funk, V. A. 1976. A floristic and geologic survey of selected seeps of Calloway County, KY. Abstract. Ohio Academy of Science Abstracts 1976: 17. and T. F. Stuessy. 1977. Cladisties and its application to plant systematics. Abstract. Bot. Soc. Amer. Misc. Ser. Publ. 154: 62. 1978. Morphological variation in the receptacular bracts of Montanoa Cerv. (Compositae: Heliantheae) and their possible adaptive significance. Abstract. Ohio Journal of Science (April Program Abstracts) 78: 16. 1979. Morphology, cytology, and flavonoid chemistry of Montanoa subgenus Montanoa (Compositae: Heliantheae). Abstract. Ohio Journal of Science (April Program Abstracts) 79: 19. 1979. Systematics of Montanoa subgenus Montanoa Cerv. (Compositae: Heliantheae). Bot. Soc. Amer. Misc. Ser. Publ. 157: 55. v ii . 1980. Parallel evolution in Montanoa Cerv. (Compositae: Heliantheae). Abstract. Ohio Journal of Science (April Program Abstracts) 80: 23. 1980. Phylogenetic trees in plant systematics (with T. F. Stuessy and M. A. Cichan). Abstract. Ohio Journal of Science (April Program Abstracts) 80: 22. 1980. Parallel evolution in Montanoa Cerv. (Compositae: Heliantheae). Abstract. ICSEB II Program Abstracts 2: 202. 1980. Phylogenetic trees in plant systematics (with T. F. Stuessy and M. A. Cichan). Abstract. ICSEB II Program Abstracts 2: 367. INVITED PRESENTATIONS: "Numerical Cladistics: Introductory Presentation" to the Sys­ tematic Entomology Group of The Ohio State University, 1978 "Cladistics and Its Uses in Plant Systematics" to the Bailey Horatorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 1979 "Parsimony Techniques and Their Use in Cladistics" to the Invertebrate Zoology Department, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 1980 "Special Concerns in Estimating Plant Phylogenies" to the First Annual Meeting of the Hennigian Society, Lawrence, KA, 1980.