PPeennnnssyyllvvaanniiaa’’ss TTrraaffffiicc CCaallmmiinngg HHaannddbbooookk Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Pub 383 (7-12) PPeennnnssyyllvvaanniiaa’’ss TTrraaffffiicc CCaallmmiinngg HHaannddbbooookk Pennsylvania Department of Transportation Bureau of Maintenance and Operations (BOMO) Publication No. 383 PA Traffic Calming Handbook on the Web: Pub383ftp://ftp.dot.state.pa.us/public/PubsForms/Publications/PUB%20383.pdf Cover Photos: Bucknell University, Pennsylvania Peters Township, Pennsylvania Municipality of Mt. Lebanon, Pennsylvania July 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION _________________________________________________ 1 History of Traffic Calming ........................................................................................... 2 Objectives of Traffic Calming ..................................................................................... 2 When Is Traffic Calming Appropriate? ....................................................................... 3 Education ......................................................................................................................................... 3 Enforcement ..................................................................................................................................... 3 Engineering ...................................................................................................................................... 4 Where are Traffic Calming Measures Appropriate? ................................................... 4 PennDOT Policies ...................................................................................................... 4 Chapter 2 TRAFFIC CALMING ISSUES _______________________________________ 5 Funding ...................................................................................................................... 5 Emergency Service Vehicles ..................................................................................... 5 Streetscape Improvements ........................................................................................ 7 Snow Removal ........................................................................................................... 7 Drainage .................................................................................................................... 8 ADA Requirements .................................................................................................... 8 Chapter 3 LEGAL ISSUES __________________________________________________ 9 Chapter 4 TRAFFIC CALMING STUDY AND APPROVAL PROCESS ______________ 13 Preliminary Traffic Calming Process ........................................................................ 13 Study and Approval Process .................................................................................... 15 Statewide Pennsylvania Traffic Calming Survey ...................................................... 22 Chapter 5 TRAFFIC CALMING MEASURES AND DESIGN GUIDELINES ___________ 23 Selecting Potential Traffic Calming Measures ......................................................... 23 Overview of Measures ............................................................................................. 24 CURB EXTENSIONS / BULB-OUTS ............................................................................................. 26 CHICANES ..................................................................................................................................... 29 GATEWAYS ................................................................................................................................... 32 ON-STREET PARKING ................................................................................................................. 33 TRAFFIC CIRCLES ....................................................................................................................... 34 Table of Contents ROUNDABOUTS ........................................................................................................................... 37 SPEED HUMPS ............................................................................................................................. 38 SPEED CUSHIONS/SPEED PILLOWS ......................................................................................... 48 RAISED INTERSECTIONS............................................................................................................ 50 DIAGONAL DIVERTERS ............................................................................................................... 55 RIGHT-IN / RIGHT-OUT ISLAND .................................................................................................. 58 RAISED MEDIAN THROUGH INTERSECTION ........................................................................... 61 STREET CLOSURES .................................................................................................................... 63 PEDESTRIAN SAFETY ENHANCEMENT DEVICES ................................................................... 65 Chapter 6 USE OF SIGNS AND PAVEMENT MARKINGS FOR TRAFFIC CALMING ___ 75 Signing ..................................................................................................................... 75 Speed Limit Signing ....................................................................................................................... 75 Multi-Way Stop Signs ..................................................................................................................... 75 Turn Prohibitions ............................................................................................................................ 76 One-Way Streets ............................................................................................................................ 76 Roadway Narrowing with Edge Lines ............................................................................................ 76 Transverse Markings ...................................................................................................................... 76 Chapter 7 TRAFFIC CALMING PLANNING AND DESIGN FOR NEW AND RECONSTRUCTED STREETS _____________________________________________ 78 Complete Streets ..................................................................................................... 78 Smart Transportation ............................................................................................... 79 Speed Management ................................................................................................. 80 Traffic Calming Features for New Development ...................................................... 81 Street Network Elements: .............................................................................................................. 81 Roadway Features: ........................................................................................................................ 81 Appendix A ADDITIONAL FINDINGS ON TRAFFIC CALMING ISSUES _____________ 82 Funding Issues......................................................................................................... 82 University of California Study Findings .......................................................................................... 82 Community Approval ................................................................................................ 83 Traffic Data Gathering Process ................................................................................ 84 Determining Eligibility ..................................................................................................................... 84 Monitoring and Evaluation ............................................................................................................. 84 Table of Contents Appendix B SOURCES ____________________________________________________ 86 Interviews ................................................................................................................. 86 Local Surveys .......................................................................................................... 87 Statewide Pennsylvania Traffic Calming Survey ...................................................... 88 Survey Questionnaire ..................................................................................................................... 88 Survey Results ............................................................................................................................... 90 Summary of Survey ........................................................................................................................ 97 State Surveys .......................................................................................................... 98 Texts ........................................................................................................................ 98 Web Sites .............................................................................................................. 103 Appendix C TRAFFIC CALMING EFFECTIVENESS STUDIES ___________________ 104 Appendix D EXAMPLE TRAFFIC CALMING POLICIES _________________________ 109 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 – Project Ranking System ............................................................................................................ 14 Figure 2 – Traffic Calming Study and Approval Process (Flowchart) ......................................................... 15 Figure 3 – Effects