Type studies tn Clitocybe. 2. Harri Harmaja Botanical Museum, University of Helsinki, SF -00170 Helsinki, Finland HARMAJA, H. 1976: Type studies in Clitocybe. 2.- Karstenia 15:16-18. The holotypes of seven taxa, described under the generic name Clitocybe (Fr.) Staude (Agaricales) or considered as belonging to that genus, are scrutinized. All but one turned out to be referable to genera other than Clitocybe. Four of them are considered to be synonymous with other species of those genera while two are found valid. For the last­ named species the following new combinations are therefore made: Calocybe aromatica (Murr.) Harmaja and Lyophyllum subnitens (Bigelow) Harmaja. In addition, the new combi­ nation Clitocybe dryadicola (Favre) Harmaja is made. Moreover, to the contrary of the author's previous opinion, Agaricus clitocyboides Cooke & Massee is considered distinct from Singerella (Clitocybe) hydrogramma (Fr.) Harmaja and the resulting new combination is made: Singerella clitocyboides (Cooke & Massee) Harmaja. Notes on Pseudoclitocybe (Clitocybe) atra (Vel.) Harmaja are also presented. In addition, the carminophilic (sidero­ philic) granules, or vesicles connected with the endoplasmatic reticulum , of the basidia of Lyophyllum have been observed to be cyanophilic, too, a response not reported before. Melanoleuca aromatica Murrill, North Ame­ cally very close to C. gambosa (Fr.) Donk, rican Fl. 10: 15. 1914. - Tricholoma aroma­ from which it differs throught the slightly ticum (Murr.) Sacc. & Trott., Syll. Fung. 23: darker colours of the fruit body, the most 32. 1925. - Clitocybe aromatica (Murr.) probably slightly dextrinoid walls of the Bigelow, Lloydia 28: 161. 1965. - Holotype hyphae of gill trama, the slightly smaller (part) examined: U.S.A., Michigan, Washte­ (especially narrower) spores, and fruiting in naw Co., Ann Arbor, Cascade Glen, 1907-10- autumn, in September and October. My 11, leg. C.H. Kauffman (MICH). - I found conclusion: Melanoleuca aromatica is a valid the spore wall moderately cyanophilic except species of the genus Calocybe, for which for the cyanophobic hilar appendix. The wall reason the following appropriate new combi­ is also weakly to moderately carminophilic. nation is made: Calocybe aromatica (Murr.) After soaking a piece of gill in 5 % KOH for Harmaja, n. comb. (Melanoleuca aromatica some time, the nuclei of the spores stained Murrill, North American Fl. 10: 15. 1914). with acetocarmine, and their number was Clitocybe atra Vel. - Pseudoclitocybe atra observed to be one per spore. In the last­ (Vel.) Harmaja (see HARMAJA 1974c). - named stain the basidia contained siderophilic Three additional notes, not mentioned in (carminophilic) granules, which are now HARMAJA 1974c, on the diagnostic cha­ known as 'ER vesicles' (vesicles connected racters of this species are presented here. (1) with the endoplasmatic reticulum). The above The pure brown colour of the basidiocarp characters, together with the macroscopic (which thus lacks any grayish tint) was aqd microscopic features mentioned in the emphasized as a diagnostic character of the original description, show the type to belong species in that paper of mine, especially when to the genus Calocybe Ki.ihn. ex Donk. The P. atra is compared with P. cyathiformis specimen represents a valid species taxonomi- (Fr.) Sing. which possesses rather similar 16 spores. The comparison should be made together with the macroscopic and micro­ between dried fruit bodies as the fresh ones of scopic features mentioned in the original all species of the genus Pseudoclitocybe description, show the type specimen to belong (Sing.) Sing. display brown colours (as do, on to the genus Lyophyllum Karst. The species the other side, also those dried for several is L . subnitens (Bigelow) Harmaja (see below). decades ago). (2) The stipe of P. atra is rather My conclusion: Clitocybe crispa is a synonym short, especially in proportion to the diameter of Lyophyllum subnitens. of the pileus, which feature, too, possesses Clitocybe media Peck, Rep. New York most importance in the separation of the spe­ State Mus. 42: 114. 1889. - Holotype cies from P. cyathiformis. (3) The stipe is, on examined: "Clitocybe media Pk. 1North Elba 1 the average, somewhat more slender than that Chas H. Peck Sept. I Edible." (NYS). - The of P. cyathiformis. type represents both macroscopically and Agaricus clitocyboides Cooke & Massee - microscopically a typical Hygrophorus cama­ Clitocybe clitocyboides (Cooke & Massee) rophyllus (Fr.) Fr. The spore wall was found Pegler. - In a previous paper, on studying the cyanophobic. My determination of the type holotype, I reduced this species to the syno­ specimen is distinctly at variance with BIGE­ nymy of Singerella (Clitocybe) hydrogramma LOW 's (1965) opinion according to which the (Fr.) Harmaja (HARMAJA 1974b). Because specimen represents Clitocybe clauipes (Fr.) of the following two facts I now consider the Kumm. and C. media is consequently a syno­ species distinct from S. hydrogramma, at least nym of that species. My conclusion: Clitocybe for the time being: (1) the intercalary der­ media is a synonym of Hygrophorus camaro­ matochrysocystidia are absent from the stipe phyllus. cortex, (2) both the specimens of this kind Clitocybe pseudoirina Bigelow & Smith, originate from the southern hemisphere (see Brittonia 21: 165. 1969. - Holotype (part) HARMAJA 1974b). My conclusion: Agaricus examined: U.S.A., Michigan, Washtenaw Co., clitocyboides is a valid species of the genus Nov. 1964, leg. A.H. Smith 71356 (MICH).­ Singerella, for which reason the following The specimen represents in all respects a necessary new combination is made: Singerella typical European Lepista irina (Fr.) Bigelow clitocyboides (Cooke & Massee) Harmaja as I already supposed in a previous paper (Agaricus clitocyboides Cooke & Massee, (HARMAJA 1974a) which may be consulted Grevillea 15: 98. 1887). - I have been told for more detailed comments on this case. My that the generic name Singerella Harmaja conclusion: Clitocybe pseudoirina is a syno­ (HARMAJA 1974b) should apparently be nym of Lepista irina. considered as a later homonym of the older Clitocybe riuulosa (Fr.) Kumm. var. dryadi­ Singeriella Petrak (Pyrenomycetes). However, cola Favre, Ergebn. wiss. Unters. schweize­ a difference of one letter between names rischen Nationalp. 5: 33: 199. 1955. - Clito­ of unrelated genera is enough for considering cybe candicans (Fr.) Kumm. var. dryadicola such names different and legitimate (Interna­ (Favre) Lamoure, Bull. Soc. Mycol. France tional Code of Botanical Nomenclature, Art. 81: 507. 1965. -Specimen no. 48a in CHUR 75). is herewith selected as the lectotype of Favre's Clitocybe crispa Bigelow & Smith, Michigan variety. My conclusion: Clitocybe riuulosa var. Bot. 5 : 224. 1966. - Holotype (part) exa­ dryadicola represents a valid species of the mined: U.S.A., Michigan, Washtenaw Co., genus Clitocybe sensu meo (this case will be Pinckney State Recreation Area, 1961-09-17, treated more comprehensively later), for leg. A.H. Smith 64342 (MICH). - The spore which reason the following new combination wall is weakly cyanophilic and weakly to is made : Clitocybe dryadicola (Favre) Harma­ moderately carminophilic. In acetocarmine ja, n. comb. (Clitocybe riuulosa var. dryadi­ the basidia contain siderophilic ( carmino­ cola Favre, Ergebn. wiss. Unters. schweize­ philic) granules, or, in other words, the ER rischen Nationalp. 5:33: 199. 1955.) vesicles of the basidia are carminophilic. Clitocybe subnitens Bigelow, Mycologia 50: These ER vesicles were also found to be ± 50. 1958. - Holotype (part) examined: strongly cyanophilic in heated cotton blue, a U.S.A., Michigan, Emmet Co ., Wilderness response never reported before in the literature Park, 1953-08-30, leg. H.E. Bigelow 1468 about the carminophilic basidial granules of (MICH). Also part of a paratype (A. H. Smith any fungus. The characters observed by me 43462; MICH) studied. This species shares the 17 generic and specific characters of C. crispa less sinuate than usually in C. gambosa. Bigelow & Smith 1966 (see above). My con­ Secondly, the farinaceous odour, so typical clusion: Clitocybe subnitens is a valid species of C. gambosa, was not mentioned in the of the genus Lyophyllum Karst., for which original description; this apparent discrepancy reason the following new combination is may, however, simply be due to faulty obser­ made: Lyophyllum subnitens (Bigelow) Har­ vation. Thirdly, the type specimen was maja, n. comb. (Clitocybe subnitens Bigelow, collected on August 4 which is rather late for Mycologia 50: 50. 1958.) C. gambosa, but this may be explained by the Clitocybe Vasilieuae Singer, Ann. Mycol. situation of the collecting site high on the 41: 26. 1943. - Holotype examined: "Clito­ mountains. At present it is impossible to cybe Vasilievae Sing. I In steppis prope silvam judge whether the above mentioned apparent laricinam I inter Gramineas, 1750 m I Aktura discrepancies are true or not, and, in the Tchuyskiye Alpy I Oyrotiya (the last two former case, whether they justify the recog­ lines originally in Russian) I 4-VIII-37 Leg. nition of Clitocybe uasilievae as a species dis­ Singer et Vasilieva I 2-IV-38 Det. Singer" tinct from Calocybe gambosa. My conclusion, (LE). - The spore wall was observed to be for the time being, is: Clitocybe uasilieuae is a inamyloid, indextrinoid, moderately to strong­ synonym of Calocybe gambosa. ly cyanophilic and weakly to moderately Acknowledgements. - I am indebted to Dr. John carminophilic.