CONTENTS pagi Preface v» Papers Delivered to the Fifth International Congress of Anthropological and Ethnological Sciences xvn Introduction WILLIAM N. FENTON The Hiawatha Wampum Belt of the Iroquois League for Peace: A Symbol for the International Congress of Anthropology 3 Section I: CURRENT STATUS OF ANTHROPOLOGICAL AND ETHNOLOGICAL STUDIES RALPH L. BEALS Current Trends in the Development of American Ethnology 11 ROBERT J. BRAIDWOOD Recent Developments in the Study of the Prehistory of Western Asia 19 LEONARD CARMICHAEL Anthropology and the Smithsonian Institution 23 G. F. DEBETZ Anthropologie Physique en U.R.S.S. 29 Summary of Paleo-Anthropological Investigation in the U.S.S.R. 34 RAYMOND FIRTH Recent Trends in British Social Anthropology 37 GUTORM GJESSLNG Trends in European Prehistory 43 ROBERT HEINE-GELDERN Recent Developments in Ethnological Theory in Europe 49 HUANG WEN-SHAN and Ho LIEN-KWEI Recent Developments and Trends in Ethnological Studies in China 54 I. I. PoTEKHIN Current Trends in Ethnography in the U.S.S.R. 59 IRVING ROUSE Recent Developments in American Archeology 64 J. RecentN. SPUHLE DevelopmentsR in the Field of Genetics 74 Section II: THEORY AND METHOD REGINA FLANNERY Individual Variation in Culture 87 LINTON C. FREEMAN Conflict and Congruence in Anthropological Theory 93 WALTER GOLDSCHMIDT Culture and Human Behavior 98 X Men and Cultures pafe H. D. GUNN Anthropology and Art 105 JOSEF HAEKEL Zwn Problem der Konstanz in der Ethnologie 112 EDWARD T. HALL, JR. A Microcultural Analysis of Time 118 MELVILLE JACOBS Thoughts on Methodology for Comprehension of an Oral Literature 123 FELIX M. KEESING Recreative Behavior and Culture Change 130 CLYDE KLUCKHOHN The 'Use of Typology in Anthropological Theory 134 ALEX D. KRIEGER Archeological Typology in Theory and Practice 141 GERTRUDE P. KURATH and NADIA CHILKOVSKY Jazz Choreology 152 DAVID LANDY Methodological Problems of Free Doll Play as an Ethnographic Field Technique 161 MARGARET MEAD A New Framework for Studies of Folklore and Survivals 168 WALTER B. MILLER A System for Describing and Analyzing the Regulation of Coordinated Activity 175 GEORGE P. MURDOCK Typology in the Area of Social Organization 183 D. B. STOUT Aesthetics in "Primitive" Societies 189 SOL TAX Acculturation 192 RUTH M. UNDERHILL Withdrawal, An Early Means of Dealing with the Supernatural 197 C. F. VOEOELIN Subsystem Typology in Linguistics 202 GENE WELTFISH The Ethnic Dimension of Human History: Pattern or Patterns of Culture? 207 Section III: CULTURE CHANGE AND CULTURE HISTORY BRANIMIR BRATANI£ Some Similarities between Ards of the Balkans, Scandinavia, and Anterior Asia, and Their Methodological Significance 221 ROBERT CARNEIRO Slash-and-burn Agriculture: A Closer Look at its Implications for Settlement Patterns 229 Contents xi CHESTER S. CHARD Northwest Coast—Northeast Asiatic Similarities : A New Hypothesis 235 GERTRUDE E. DOLE Techniques of Preparing Manioc Flour as a Key to Culture History in Tropical America 241 ETHEL CUTLER FREEMAN Culture Stability and Change among the SeminoUs of Florida 249 IRVING GOLDMAN The Evolution of Status Systems in Polynesia 255 JEAN GUIART Les Tendances Modernes de l'Evolution des Sociétés Mélanésiennes (Nouvelles- Hébrides et Nouvelle-Calédonie) 261 ERNA GUNTHER A Re-Evaluation of the Cultural Position of the Nootka 270 ROBERT HEINE-GELDERN Theoretical Considerations Concerning the Problem of Pre-Columbian Contacts between the Old World and the New 277 ANNA HOHENWART-GERLACHSTEIN Ethnology and High Civilization, Exemplified by Ancient Egypt 282 SAMUEL NOAH KRAMER Rivalry and Superiority: Two Dominant Features of the Sumerian Culture Pattern 287 JEAN-PAUL LESER Plow Complex, Culture Change and Cultural Stability 292 DOROTHY LIBBY Three Hundred Years of Chukchi Ethnic Identity 298 NILS LID North European Shamanism 305 E. M. LOEB The Assumed Early Mediterranean Influence among the Kuanyama Ambo HENRYBantu ofORENSTEIN South West Africa 309 Irrigation, Settlement Pattern, and Social Organization 318 WILLARD RHODES The Christian Hymnology of the North American Indians 324 GEORGE EATON SIMPSON The Acculturative Process in Jamaican Revivalism 332 AXEL STEENSBERG Plough and Field Shape 342 THEODORE STERN A Umatilla Prophet Cult : An Episode in Culture Change 346 OMER C. STEWART Cart-using Indians of the American Plains 351 XII Men and Cultures S. A. TOKAREV The Study of the Early History of Agriculture in the Territory of the U.S.S.R. in 1945-1955 356 EVON Z. VOGT The Automobile in Contemporary Navaho Culture 359 ERMINIE WHEELER-VOEGELIN History and Ethnohistory, and A Case in Point 364 Section IV: ETHNOGRAPHY ANDRÉ ADAM Les Origines Ethniques de la Population Marocaine Musulmane de Casablanca 3 71 F. G. ANDERSON Intertribal Relations in the Pueblo Kachina Cult 377 CHARLES ARCHAIMBAULT Un Complexe Culturel : La Course de Pirogues au Laos 384 ROBERT G. ARMSTRONG The Idoma Court-of-Lineages in Law and Political Structure 390 HERBERT BALDUS The Fear in Tapirapé Culture 396 WILLIAM BASCOM Toruba Concepts of the Soul 401 RALPH L. BEALS and JOSEPH A. HESTER, JR. A New Ecological Typology of the California Indians 411 JOHN and MAVIS BIESANZ and MARTIN ORDONEZ SOLANGEAutobiography DE GANAYof a Guatemalan Indian 420 Les Communautés d'Entraide des Bambara du Soudan Français 424 E. P. DOZIER A Comparison of Eastern Keresan and Tewa Kinship Systems 430 MAY M. EDEL Some Reflections on Chiga Ethics 437 J. L. FISCHER Sequence and Structure in Folktales 442 JOHN J. HONIGMANN Circumpolar Forest North America as a Modern Culture Area 447 L. N. and L. KAPLAN Medicinal Plant and Food use as related to Health and Disease in Coastal <• Oaxaca 452 PIERRE-BERNARD LAFONT Le Concept de Crime en Droit Djarai 459 ANNIE LEBEUF Aspects de la Royauté Bateke (Moyen-Congo) 463 DAVID P. MCALLESTER The Role of Music in Western Apache Culture 468 Contents xiii SIMON OTTENBERO Double Descent in an Ibo Village-Group 473 EMMANUEL C. PAUL La Notion de Mana dans la Culture Haitienne 482 H.R.H. PRINCE PETER OF GREECE AND DENMARK The Calf Sacrifice of the Todas of the Nilgiris (South India) 485 S LIMAN RAHMANI Polygamie et ses Particularités 490 MARSHALL D. SAHLINS Production, Distribution and Power in a Primitive Society 495 PIETRO SCOTTI Tipi di Cultura nel Paraguay 501 WILLIS E. SIBLEY The Maintenance of Unity and Distinctiveness by a Philippine Peasant Village 506 R. R. SOLENBERGER Contrasting Patterns of Carolinian Population Distribution in the Marianas 513 L. P. VIDYARTHI The Birhor (The Little Nomadic Tribe of India): A Study in Ecology, Economy and Wandering 519 CRISTOPHThe Inter-relations VON FÜRER-HAIMENDORFof Castes and Ethnic Groups in Nepal 526 Section V: ARCHAEOLOGY J. FRANKLIN EWINO, S. J. Human Types and Prehistoric Cultures at Ksdr 'Akil, Lebanon 535 MARIJA G 1MB UTAS Culture Change in Europe at the Start of the Second Millennium B.C.: A Contribution to the Indo-European Problem 540 ROBERT E. GREENGO Rocker-Stamped Pottery in the Old and New World 553 J. CHARLES KELLEY North Mexico and the Correlation of Mesoamerican and Southwestern Cultural Sequences 566 HELGE LARSEN Paleo-Eskimo in Disko Bay, West Greenland 574 WILLIAMThe PlainsJ. ArchaicMAYER-OAKES Concept 580 JORGEN MELDGAARD Prehistoric Culture Sequences in the Eastern Arctic as Elucidated by Stratified Sites at Igloolik 588 DOROTHY MENZEL Archaism and Revival on the South Coast of Peru 596 E. FLORENCE JACOBS MULLER The Preclassic Ceramic Sequence of Huapalcalco, of Tulancingo, Hgo 601 XÍV Men and Cultures page H. B. NICHOLSON The Mixteca-Puebla Concept in Mtsoamerican Archeology: A Re-examiria- tion 612 CÉSAR LIZARDI RAMOS El Paito mas Antiguo de Mesoamerica 618 JOHN HOWLAND ROWE Cultural Unity and Diversification in Peruvian Archaeology 627 W. H. SEARS The Gulf Coastal Plain in North American Prehistory 632 E. H. SELLAROS and G. L. EVANS The Paleo-Indian Culture Succession in the Central High Plains of Texas and New Mexico 639 DEMITRI B. SHIMXIN Western Siberian Archeology, An Interpretative Summary 648 Section VI: PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY J. LAWRENCE ANGEL Physical and Psychological Factors in Culture Growth 665 R. F. A. DEAN The Pattern of Development of African Children 6? 1 MIGUEL F USTÉ A Study of the Rotation of the Occipital Region in the Neandertal and Sapiens Skulls 678 Luis PERICOT GARCIA El Poblamiento Paleolítico de España 681 GABRIEL W. LASKER Small Isolated Human Breeding Populations and Their Significance for the Process of Racial Differentiation 684 J. NEMESKÉRI and G. ACSÁDI La Paléodémographie, Base Nouvelle de l'Analyse Anthropologique 692 ADOLPH H. SCHULTZ Significance of Recent Primatology for Physical Anthropology 698 ILSE SCHWIDETZKY New Research in German Forensic Anthropology 703 Bo2o SKERLJ Partial Volumes and Surface Areas of the Human Body 709 HISASHI SUZUKI Changes in the Skull Features of the Japanese People from Ancient to Modem Times 117 N. C. TAPPEN Primate Evolution and Human Behavior T25 PIERRE A. VASSAL Les Proportions de la Tête Chez les Français 7 32 Contents xv pag* M. VERDUN, J. DE TAILLE, R. BOURDIOL, and J. POGGI A Study of the Racial Morphology of the French Population 740 J. S. WEINER The Evolutionary Taxonomy of the Hominidae in the Light of the Piltdown Investigation 741 Section VII: APPLIED ANTHROPOLOGY G. E. J. B. BRAUSCH Applied Anthropology in the Belgian Territories in Africa (An Experience of Integration of the Tribal Institutions into the Pattern of the New Social Action in Central Africa) 755 GENEVIÈVE M. D'HAUCOURT De Quelques Difficultés dues aux Différences de Cultures, Rencontrées dans les Missions d'Assistance Technique 764 LAURA THOMPSON Applied Anthropology, Community Welfare, and Human Conservation 769 Section VIII: LINGUISTICS JOSEPH B. CASAGRANDE The Southwest Project in Comparative Psycholinguistics: A Preliminary Report 777 PAUL L. GARVIN and M. MATHIOT The Urbanization of the Guarani Language—A Problem in Language and Culture 783 JOSEPH H. GREENBERG The General Classification of Central and South American Languages 791 D. A. OLDEROGGE The Origin of the Hausa Language 795 D.