This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 6 9 -2 2 ,1 4 4 HERRIN, Charles Selby, 1939- A SYSTEMATIC REVISION OF THE GENUS HIRSTIONYSSUS (ACARI - MESOSTIGM AT A) OF THE NEARCTIC REGION, BASED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF NUMERICAL TAXONOMY. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1969 Entomology University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan A SYSTEMATIC REVISION OF THE GENUS HIRSTIOUYSSOS (ACARI - ?-SS03TIGHATA) OF THE NEARCTIC REGION, BASED ON THE PRINCIPLES OF NUMERICAL TAXONOMY DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillinent of tho Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio Stato University b y Charles Selby Herrin, 3.S., M.S, ****** Tho Ohio Stato University 1969 Approved by Academic Faculty of Entom ology ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Grateful acknowledgment is made to E. I V. Baker and the D . S . National Kuseum, G. 0 , Evans and the British I-Iuseum of Natural History, D. M, Allred, R, W. Strandtmann, E, W. Jameson, Jr., F. J , R adovsky, C. D. Radford, and G. W, Krantz for the loan of study specimens. Tho Acarology Laboratory provided additional study specimens, laboratory space, equipment, and supplies. Special acknowledgment is made to Dr. D. E. Johnston, ray adviser, and Dr. G. W. 'Tharton, Director of tho Acarology Laboratory, for their assistance, valuable suggestions, and criticism of the manuscript. Acknowledgment is made to Dr. F. J, Rohlf and the University of Kansas Computation Center for processing the data using their Numerical Taxonomy System, NTSYS. The Ohio Stato University Computer Center pro­ vided froe computer time for the preliminary statistical computations. This investigation was supported by a predoctoral traineoship from the Rational Institutes of Health Training Grant 2TX-AI-00216 to tho Acarology Laboratory. ii VITA Kay 16, 1939............ .. Born - Kechanicsburg, Yazoo Co., Mississippi I 96 I-I 963 .. ................ , Research Assistant, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 1 9 6 3................................................ B.S., Brigham Ycrung University, Provo, Utah 1 9 6 3 -1 9 6 4............ Teaching Assistant, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Brigham Young U niversity, Provo, Utah 196^-1965 .................................... Research A ssistant, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 1965-196 6 ............ Teaching Assistant, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 1966 ..,..,, ................................ M.S., Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 1966 -I 969 . , * ................. Acarology Predoctoral Trainee, Acarology Laboratory, The Ohio Stato University, Columbus, Ohio PUBLICATIONS Herrin, C. Selby. 1964. Notes on the Distribution of Otobius lagophilus. Proc. Utah Acad. Sci., Arts, Letters 42(1) :l65, November, 1964. Herrin, C. Selby, and D Elden Beck. 1965. Observations on the Biology, Anatomy, and Morphology of Otobius lagophilus Cooley and Kohls. Brigham Young Univ. Sci. Bull., Biol. Ser. 6(2 ) t 1-19, 1 table, figs. 1-32, February, 1965# iii Herrin, C, Selby. 1963. Dsrmacentor andersoni in National Forest Recreational Sites of Utah. Great Basin Natur. 28(l):30-43» 2 tables, figs, 1-3? March, 1968 B FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Entomology Studios in Acarine Systematics. Professors D. E, Johnston and G, W. Wharton iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Pago ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ....................... i i VITA ............................................................................ i l l LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................. v i i LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS ................................................................................................. v i i i INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 1 Application of Numerical Taxonomy to tho Acari The Genus Hirstionyssus MATERIALS AND METHODS..................... 9 M aterials Utilized Characters Utilized Computational and A nalytical Methods RESULTS OF NUMERICAL TAXONOMIC ANALYSES ..................................................... 16 Sim ilarity Coefficients Cluster Analysis Graphic Analysis DISCUSSION........................................................................................................................... 39 Establishment of a Classification and Correlation of the Numerical Taxonomic Analyses with Biological Data Groups and Taxospocies Formally Recognized v Page SYSTEMATICS OF TH3 GENUS HIRSTI0NY55US ........................................................ 75 Subfamily Hirstionyssinae Evans and T ill, 19 66 Genus Hirstionyssus Fonseca, 19*+S Key to Females of the Genus Hirstionyssus Recognized Taxospecies of the Genus Hirstionyssus Hosts of Hearctic Hirstionyssus Taxospecies SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS ....................................................................................... 181 APPENDIX I ............................................................................................................................. 185 II ............................................................................................................................. 193 III ............................................................................................................................. 200 REFERENCES CITED ..................................................................................................................... 297 vi LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Partitioning of characters ..................................................................... 12 2. Cophenetic correlation coefficients between sim ilarity matrices and phenograms obtained from the three trans­ formed data matrices ....................... 18 3« Phenogram groupings obtained from six sim ilarity m a tric e s ........................................ 19 h-. F k tr ix o f c h a r a c te r s t a t e v a lu e s o f 30 qualitative characters for the 25 recognized taxospecies ........................... M vii 1 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Phenogram obtained from the Condensed Ratio Correlation (CRC) matrix .......................... 233 2. Phenogram obtained from the Condensed Basic Correlation (CBC) m atrix ......................... ................................... 235 3. Phenogram obtained from the Condensed Ratio D ista n ce (CRD) m atrix ............................................................................ 237 4. Graph diagram of the STAF cluster; relationships based on a revised Condensed Ratio Correlation (revised-CRC) matrix .................................... 239 5. Graph diagram of major groups "G" and "H"; relationships based on a revised Condensed Ratio Correlation (revised- CRC ) m a trix ................................................................. 239 6 . Graph diagram of major groups "I” and "S-K"; relation­ ships based on a revised Condensed Ratio Correlation (re v ise d -C R C ) m a t r i x ................. 241 7. Semi-diagramatic representation of the dorsal chaetotaxy in tho females of Hirstionyssus .............. 243 8 . Hirstionyssus isabellinus (Oudemans). Paraxial view of chelicera in the female ........................... 245 9. Hirstionyssus isabellinus (Oudemans). Ventral viow of gnathosona in the female ...................... 245 10. Hirstionyssus isabellinus (Oudemans). Ventral view of tarsus II in the female ................. 245 11. Hirstionyssus isabellinus (Oudemans). Ventral view of tarsus IV in the female ............ 245 12. Hirstionyssus femuralis Allred. Ventral view of the female .............. 247 viii Figure Page 13• Hirstionyssus femurails Allred. Dorsal view of the female ..................... 2*4-7 1*4-. Hirstionyssus femu rails Allred. Ventral view of tarsus II in the female ................................. 2*4-7 15. Hirstionyssus femur alls Allred. Ventral view of genu II in the fem ale ................... 2*4-7 16 . Hirstionyssus geomydis (Keegan). Ventral view of tho female 2*4-9 17. Hirstionyssus geomydis (Keegan), Dorsal view of the female .................................... 2*4-9 18. Hirstionyssus geomydis (Keegan). Ventral view of tarsus II in the female .............. 2*4-9 19. Hirstionyssus thomomys Allred and Back. Ventral view of the female .............. 251 20. Hirstionyssus thomomys Allred and Beck, Dorsal view of the female ................................... 251 21. Hirstionyssus thomomys Allrod and Beck. Ventral view of tarsus II in the female .......... ............................................ 251 22. Hirstionyssus longlcholae Allred and Beck. Ventral view of the fomale ........... 253 23. Hirstionyssus longicholao Allred and Beck. Dorsal view of the female ................ 253 2*4-. Hirstionyssus longichelae Allred and Eeck, Ventral view of tarsus II in tho female .......................... 253 25. Hirstionyssus hi 111 (Jameson), Ventral view of the female ...................................... 255 26. Hirstionyssus hi111 (Jameson). Dorsal view of the female ................... 255 27* Hirstionyssus "C" n. sp. Ventral view of the fem ale .......................... 257 28, Hirstionys sus "G" n, sp. Dorsal view of tho fe m ale .............. 257 ix Figure Page 29. Hirstionys sus incomptis (Eads and Hightower). Ventral view of the female ............................................................................. 259 30. Hirstionyssus incomptis (Eads and Hightower). Dorsal view of the female ........................ 259 31.