FOOD MANUFACTURE Vol. XIX, No. 5 May 1, 1944 Contents From Butter to Cabbages P age NE of the Milk Marketing Board’s creameries Editorial - - - - - 153 Owhich is normally devoted mainly to the manu­ The Californian Olive Industry. facture of butter will very shortly change over to M. Schofield, M.A., B.Sc., A.I.C. - 157 the manufacture of dehydrated cabbage. The crops are being grown under contract, which means that Correspondence - - - - 162 the growers will have, an assured market; and the Dietary Surveys. Specially Contributed 163 dehydrated products are intended mainly for the Forces and for feeding liberated countries. Prac­ 166 Food and the Law - - - tically the whole of the seed has now been planted, Yeast Supplies - 166 and processing will extend from September next Mechanical Handling Equipment. Frank until April, 1945. The Board will provide the containers, thus solv­ H. Slade, A.M.I.Mech.E. 167 ing a difficulty that would otherwise confront many Chemical Cookery - - - 170 growers, and the price will be “ for produce loaded Milk Pasteurisation Methods 171 on lorries at the farm.” As vegetables for de­ hydration must be in very fresh condition, the area Milk Terms - 172 to which the scheme applies is limited. The factory Food Chemists as Industrial Food Officers 172 will probably handle about 75 tons of cabbage weekly, and growers are expected to receive a satis­ The Use o f Soya Flour in Macaroni *73 factory price for their crops. Grain Grading - - - - '74 Ministry of Food— Latest Statutory Rules Lean or Fat Bacon? and Orders - - 176 At a recent broadcast discussion on “ Pigs on the The Effect o f Handling Cans 77 Farm,” it was generally agreed that the future of Citrus Fruit Juices Control 180 the industry in this country lay, not with the specialist large-scale producer with his hundreds of News 181 pigs concentrated in a small area, but with the Information and Advice - 189 general mixed farmer—a few pigs on every farm. Recent Patents, Trade Marks and New The number kept would need to be related to the size of the farm so that the animals could be used Companies - - - - 190 for the purpose of consuming the surpluses and by­ products of a balanced farm economy. Another interesting discussion point was raised Published on the first day of the Month by the question, “ Would the British public demand b y the same young lean bacon after the war as they LEONARD HILL LIMITED had done before?” It was argued that in pre­ war years the public had developed “ artificial ” 17, Stratford Place, London, W.i tastes in most things. They wanted flavourless Telephone: Mayfair 7383 foods—immature bacon, tasteless butter and SUBSCRIPTION “ baby ” beef. If taste reverted to a liking for a Single Copies is. heavier and fatter type of bacon it would have a Annual Subscription 10s. marked effect upon the future of the pig industry. Abroad 12s. 6d. Many problems of feeding would be overcome, for The Editor will be glad to consider contributions from the pre-war pig was only just beginning to be a those engaged in the Food Industry. Articles intended for useful consumer of farm by-products when it had publication should be of a practical nature and accompanied by to be killed so that its carcass would give the type photographs or drawings when possible. of bacon then required. May, 1944 153 M New Ice Cream Organisation The experience of Spain and France, he says, should teach us to devote much of our marginal The new trade organisation for the ice cream land to non-profitable experiments in wild life, the industry was registered on March 14; under the replanting of which should not be to produce fine namjp Ice Cream Alliance, Ltd. The provisional timber, pulp wood, turpentine and the like, but Council_comprises not only the niad men who wild fruits, berries and nuts which would main­ signed the draft Memorandum and Articles of Asso­ tain a large population of wild game and fish and ciation that were submitted to the Board of Trade, a correspondingly large proportion of human beings. but also Messrs. S. J. Cousins (London), J. Green When the time comes to use these facilities on (Wigan) and F. W. Harkness (Scotland), three a national scale, Dr. Grebe hoped that “ the essen­ members of the Amalgamation Committee who tial tools, the salt, the seeds, the reference books, were unable to attend tha winding-up meetings of and the necessary medical supplies will be well the Ice Cream Association and the Associated Ice hidden but easily available throughout our exten­ Cream Manufacturers, Ltd., on January 12, when sive wild land. The indicated objective is, there­ those documents were signed. fore : Practice living close to Mother Earth, and The Provisional Council held its first meeting spending the increasing amount of leisure result­ towards the end of March, and decided to appoint ing from scientific developments in the open Mr. W. A. J. Osborne (Birmingham) its acting country, building up our resources for living by chairman. Mr. Osborne was the chairman of the hunting and fishing and using root cellars.” Ice Cream Association. Mr. P. J. Kirkman (Shef­ Dr. Grebe draws a detailed picture of the de­ field), the liquidator of the two parent organisa­ velopments which will run parallel to the wild tions, was appointed acting honorary secretary. A side of life. Complete home machinery units, de­ small committee consisting of Messrs. F. F. Farage livered in assembled form, will contain all the re­ (Manchester), A. Facchino (Birmingham) and frigerating, cooking, water-softening, washing, P. K. MacKenzie (London) was appointed to draft heating, lighting, ventilating and cooling systems. a scheme for dividing Great Britain into twelve The energy will come into this home machinery divisions for purposes of decentralisation. The Ice unit through concentric power distribution cables, Cream Association had five divisions situated in brought in at a high voltage. the main industrial areas, while the A.I.C.M. It is an attractive picture. When the hungry operated to a large extent in Scotland. The new hunter comes home with the captives of his bow Alliance will, for the first time, give a divisional and spear he will be able to bathe in a bathroom organisation to every part of great Britain. There “ which cleans itself ” and sit in a room which will probably be seven divisions for England, three sets going a unit which has a really practical fire­ for Scotland and two for Wales. place, radio, television and sound film projector. As soon as the divisions have been established elections will take place for the purpose of appoint­ ing two representatives from every division to serve on the Central Council. Three additional Irish Moss for Meat Jelly members of the Council will be elected at a general Under the title “ Investigations on the Use of meeting to be held in London. The Provisional Irish Moss in Canning of Meat,” E. J. Redman Council will then be disbanded. and L. Buckby-, of the National Research Labora­ tories, Ottawa, have described what is apparently a practical technique for extracting Irish moss on the large scale, and have given some interesting Bow and Arrow Economy details about the properties of the gelose obtained An original thesis was put forward by Dr. John (Canadian Journal of Research, Vol. 21D, 1943, J. Grebe, Director of the Physical Research Labora­ pp. 348-357). W hat is known as Irish moss is a tory of the Dow Chemical Company, Midland, seaweed, Chondrus crispus, which grows in large Mich., in an address accepting the Chemistry In­ quantities oS the eastern Canadian coast; samples dustry Medal of the Society of Chemical Industry. from Prince Edward Island were used in the in­ Discussing “ Tools and Aims of Research ” Dr. vestigation reported.' The attempt was made to Grebe recommended development by science of a develop a suitable substitute for the agar used in bow and arrow economy paralleling industrial ad­ the canning industry, since agar comes normally vances and cited Yugoslavia and China as examples from the Far East. It was found that about 30-60 of the protection accorded to peoples who in war per cent, of the total solids of the “ moss ” could fell back upon primitive tools and practices. be extracted in half an hour by stirring with hot The development of highly specialised and water. ' The extracts thus obtained contained mechanised farming, transportation and manufac­ about 0-4 per cent, of total solids. Suspended turing facilities should go pari passu with more solids were removed by filtration with diatoma- primitive life. Dr. Grebe is thinking of future wars ceous earth, and the extracts were purified by when he says that most sources of mechanical activated charcoal. Several methods of drying power can be stopped by the control of the air. were used; all yielded products capable of forming 154 Food Manufacture good jellies. The product obtained by this method instruments are far more sensitive than metallic was practically equal in quality to that obtained resistance thermometers. The electrical resistance by laboratory methods involving precipitation with of the uncovered thermometer very quickly corre­ alcohol or acetone. sponds to the temperature of the chamber, and The interesting observation was made that jellies fluctuates as that temperature varies. From the prepared from moss gelose and sea-water were chart of resistances recorded for the two thermo­ stronger than similar jellies prepared with distilled meters during the drying process the completeness water. It was found that potassium salts had the of drying at any stage can be determined. When property of conferring strength upon gelose jellies.