PERSEUS Deliverable Nr. D1.4 Assessment of pressures impacting the open sea environment of the WP6 Pilot cases in socio-economic terms Deliverable Nr. 1.4 - 1 - PERSEUS Deliverable Nr. D1.4 Project Full title Policy-oriented marine Environmental Research in the Southern EUropean Seas Project Acronym PERSEUS Grant Agreement No. 287600 Coordinator Dr. E. Papathanassiou Project start date and duration 1st January 2012, 48 months Project website www.perseus-net.eu Deliverable Nr. 1.4 Deliverable Date T16 Work Package No 1 Work Package Title Pressures and impacts at Basin and Sub-basin Scale Responsible Xavier Durrieu de Madron Didier Sauzade Plan Bleu Areti Kontogianni AEGEAN Michalis Skourtos AEGEAN Dimitris Damigos AEGEAN and NTUA Authors & Aleksandar Shivarov BSNN Marta Pascual BC3 Institutes Acronyms Elena Ojea BC3 Anil Markandya BC3 Benjamin Boteler Ecologic Institute Max Grünig Ecologic Institute José A Jiménez UPC-LIM Herminia I. Valdemoro UPC-LIM Martí Puig UPC-CERTEC Rosa Mari Darbra UPC-CERTEC Joaquim Casal UPC-CERTEC Status: Final (F) V2, 05/12/2013 Draft (D) Revised draft (RV) Dissemination level: Public (PU) • Restricted to other program participants (PP) Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (RE) Confidential, only for members of the consortium (CO) - 2 - PERSEUS Deliverable Nr. D1.4 CONTENTS Executive summary / Abstract ............................................................................................... 7 Scope ............................................................................................................................................... 7 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 8 1.1 The MSFD context ....................................................................................................................... 8 1.2 Links with other deliverables ................................................................................................ 8 1.3 Objectives of the deliverable .................................................................................................. 9 1.4 Content of the deliverable .................................................................................................... 10 2 Methodology ..................................................................................................................... 10 2.1 Scope of the analysis ............................................................................................................... 10 2.2 Coastal and open waters ....................................................................................................... 11 2.3 Spatial considerations ............................................................................................................ 12 2.3.1 Mediterranean sub regions ......................................................................................... 13 2.3.2 The WP6 Pilot Cases ...................................................................................................... 14 2.4 Environmental Risk analysis ............................................................................................... 16 3 Data ...................................................................................................................................... 19 3.1 Data sources ............................................................................................................................... 19 3.1.1 National initial assessment of Member States ................................................... 20 3.1.2 Other data sources: ........................................................................................................ 21 4 Results of the socioeconomic analysis ..................................................................... 22 4.1 Fisheries ....................................................................................................................................... 22 4.1.1 The context in the SES ................................................................................................... 22 4.1.2 Open sea fisheries ........................................................................................................... 23 4.1.3 Sector and socio-economic analysis ....................................................................... 24 4.1.1 Links to environmental pressures ........................................................................... 33 4.1.2 Gap analysis ....................................................................................................................... 35 4.1.3 Inventory of data sources ............................................................................................ 35 4.2 Maritime transport & ports, Cruises ................................................................................ 36 4.2.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 36 4.2.2 Sector and socioeconomic analysis ......................................................................... 37 4.2.3 Conclusion of the socio economic analysis .......................................................... 42 4.2.4 Links to environmental pressures ........................................................................... 43 4.2.5 Conclusion .......................................................................................................................... 45 4.2.6 Gap analysis ....................................................................................................................... 46 4.3 Submarine cable and pipeline operations ..................................................................... 47 4.3.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 47 4.3.2 Sector and socio-economic analysis ....................................................................... 49 4.3.3 Gap Analysis ...................................................................................................................... 60 4.3.4 Future Trend Analysis .................................................................................................. 61 - 3 - PERSEUS Deliverable Nr. D1.4 4.4 Marine hydrocarbon (oil and gas) extraction .............................................................. 65 4.4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 65 4.4.2 Sector and socio-economic analysis per Pilot Case .......................................... 66 4.4.3 Links to environmental pressures ........................................................................... 71 4.4.4 Gap Analysis ...................................................................................................................... 75 5 Results of the Cost of Degradation ............................................................................ 76 5.1 Introduction, methodological considerations ............................................................. 76 5.2 Cost of degradation per Pilot Case .................................................................................... 79 5.2.1 Balearic Sea and Gulf of Lyon ..................................................................................... 81 5.2.2 Aegean Sea/Saronikos Gulf ......................................................................................... 81 5.2.3 Western Black Sea .......................................................................................................... 81 5.2.4 Results on cost of degradation and gap analysis ............................................... 82 6 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................... 85 References ................................................................................................................................. 88 - 4 - PERSEUS Deliverable Nr. D1.4 FIGURES Figure 1. MSFD and MAP Mediterranean sub-regions Source: UNEP/MAP, 2011. .............................................................................................................................................................. 14 Figure 2. The four WP6 Pilot Cases. ................................................................................................. 15 Figure 3. Areas identified as “most impacted” with regard to the investigated pressures in the Mediterranean Sea. ............................................................................................... 17 Figure 4. Areas identified as “most impacted” with regard to the investigated pressures in the Black Sea. .................................................................................................................. 17 Figure 5. Gross weight of goods handled in Mediterranean, Black Sea and EU ports from 2001 to 2010. Source: Eurostat, 2012b. ................................................................. 37 Figure 6. Oil-tanker tracks and gas pipelines at the PERSEUS Pilot Areas at the Mediterranean. .................................................................................................................................. 50 Figure 7. Submarine cables at the PERSEUS Pilot Areas at the Mediterranean. .......... 50 Figure 8. Impact Value, Gross Value Added and Production Value of the Gas Market in Spain ........................................................................................................................................