8th Grade Science Day 1 Complete “Traveling Kannemeyeria” Day 2 Complete Newtons’ Laws of Motion Practice Problems Day 3 Complete Free-Body Diagram Practice Day 4 Read and annotate “Mount Pinatubo and the Ring of Fire.” Complete the questions that follow. Day 5 Complete Before Reading Questions Read and annotate “Wireless devices crowd out cosmic radio signals and more.” Complete questions. Create a concept map to organize ideas. Traveling Kannemeyeria One of the greatest survivors in all of Earth’s history was a humble creature named Kannemeyerid (Kannemeyeria in ​ groups). Kannemeyeria are extinct therapsid (mammal-like ​ ​ reptiles) which lived approximately 250 million to 230 million years ago, during the Early to Middle Triassic Period. Kannemeyeria drawings depict this herbivore (plant eater) as a very strange looking reptile. It was about the size of an ox or large cow, had no fur and had an elongated face with a cropping beak and canine tusks. It was about 3 meters long and weighed approximately 90 kg (about 200 pounds). Kannemeyeria were land-dwellers. They traveled throughout plains and swamps, staying in warm, dry climates close to the equator. Interestingly, fossils of Kannemeyeria have currently been found in rock layers across North America, South America, Africa, and Asia. This is very puzzling since these continents are all separated by oceans and do not all have warm, dry climates. Images from: https://www.revolvy.com/page/Kannemeyeria https://www.renderosity.com/mod/bcs/kannemeyeriadr/92173 Question 1: The locations of the fossils of Kannemeyeria show an interesting pattern. The images on the map represent the Kannemeyeria fossils. Examine the image below to collect evidence of this pattern. a. What do you observe about the Kannemeyeria fossils above and the pattern of fossil distribution from the map above? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ b. Write at least 2 questions you have about the location of these fossils based on the information and the map of the fossil locations above. ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ Question 2: Rock types near and around the location of the fossils of Kannemeyeria show an interesting pattern. The “X” images on the map represent the same rock types. Examine the image below to collect evidence of this pattern. a. What patterns do you notice in the locations of the matching rock types? What could cause these particular patterns? Evidence (patterns) ______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ Cause: ________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ Question 3: Diagram 1 below demonstrates a scientific investigation in which scientists sampled rocks along a transect, a straight line of travel, across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge from South America to Africa to determine the age of the seafloor rocks. Data Table 1 shows the data collected from this investigation. Data from: https://reporting.measuredprogress.org/NECAPPublicRI/documents/1516/Spring/NECAP_Sci_15-16_Gr8_Inquiry_Task_Booklet_Released.pdf ​ Part A - Using the data from Data Table 1, plot the approximate age of the Atlantic ocean floor from South America to Africa on the transect (Transect (Close Up)). Part B - What is causing these patterns to occur? Evidence (patterns) ______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ Cause: ______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ Question 4: Part A - Construct an explanation to describe how Kannemeyeria fossils have been found in such varied locations. ● Be sure to include the evidence you collected about Kannemeyeria fossils being found in such varied locations, rock type locations, and the pattern of seafloor rock ages between South America and Africa as evidence in your explanation. ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Part B - The graphic below shows the current locations of major fossils and rock types that formed about 300 - 200 million years ago. Examine the map for patterns. Using the evidence from your Part A explanation and the patterns you observed in the graphic, construct an explanation of the current location of the fossils and rock types. Be sure to account for the evidence that the same fossils are currently found in such varied locations. _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ Newton’s Laws of Motion Practice Formula: Force = Mass x Acceleration 1. Given this free body diagram of a punching bag being hit by a fist, provide a free body ​ ​ diagram of the fist hitting the bag. ​ ​ 2. If a 150kg cannonball begins accelerating at 40m/s/s, what net force does it have? 3. What force would it take to hold up a 1000kg giraffe? Remember the acceleration of gravity is 9.8 m/s/s. 4. Give the net force for the free body diagrams below Construct free-body diagrams for the various situations described below. 1. A book is at rest on a tabletop. Diagram the forces acting on the book. 2. A gymnast holding onto a bar, is suspended motionless in mid-air. The bar is supported by two ropes that attach to the ceiling. Diagram the forces acting on the combination of gymnast and bar. 3. An egg is free-falling from a nest in a tree. Neglect air resistance. Diagram the forces acting on the egg as it is falling. 4. A flying squirrel is gliding (no wing flaps) from a tree to the ground at constant velocity. Consider air ​ ​ ​ ​ resistance. Diagram the forces acting on the squirrel. 5. A rightward force is applied to a book in order to move it across a desk with a rightward acceleration. Consider frictional forces. Neglect air resistance. Diagram the forces acting on the book. 6. A rightward force is applied to a book in order to move it across a desk at constant velocity. Consider frictional forces. Neglect air resistance. Diagram the forces acting on the book. 7. A college student rests a backpack upon his shoulder. The pack is suspended motionless by one strap from one shoulder. Diagram the vertical forces acting on the backpack. 8. A skydiver is descending with a constant velocity. Consider air resistance. Diagram the forces acting upon the skydiver. 9. A force is applied to the right to drag a sled across loosely packed snow with a rightward acceleration. Neglect air resistance. Diagram the forces acting upon the sled. 10. A football is moving upwards towards its peak after having been booted by the punter. Neglect air ​ ​ resistance. Diagram the forces acting upon the football as it rises upward towards its peak. 11. A car is coasting to the right and slowing down. Neglect air resistance. Diagram the forces acting upon the car. Mount Pinatubo and the Ring of Fire Mount Pinatubo and the Ring of Fire by ReadWorks the June 12, 1991 eruption column from Mount Pinatubo taken from Clark Air Base On July 16, 1990, a large earthquake struck Luzon, an island in the Philippines. The earthquake devastated cities for hundreds of miles around, and killed more than 1,600 people. Yet the destruction was not over. Two weeks later, residents of Luzon discovered steam coming out of a volcano called Mount Pinatubo. But when scientists inspected the volcano, they did not find any evidence the volcano would erupt. However, on March 15, 1991, villagers on the northwestern side of the island were startled by a series of earthquakes. The earthquakes continued until two weeks later, when Mt. Pinatubo began to rumble. On April 2, the mountain sent an explosion of steam, water, ash, and rock into the air. Over the next several weeks, it continued to belch volcanic ash into the air. Scientists detected increased levels of carbon dioxide, a sign that hot liquid magma was nearing the surface. By June 7, a dome of lava 130 feet high and 660 feet across had formed on the surface of the volcano. Five days later, the volcano erupted. Hot volcanic ash rose about 20 miles into the air. An ash cloud of ReadWorks.org · © 2013 ReadWorks®, Inc. All rights reserved. Mount Pinatubo and the Ring of Fire almost 50,000 square miles blanketed the island in darkness. The summit of the volcano was blown off, replaced by a new hole 1.6 miles wide. 847 people