TANZANIA FOREST CONSERVATION GROUP TECHNICAL PAPER 7 PANDE GAME RESERVE A Biodiversity Survey Nike Doggart (Ed.) 2003 Pande Game Reserve: A biodiversity survey © Tanzania Forest Conservation Group ISBN 9987-8958-7-5 Suggested citations: Whole report Doggart, N. (2003). Pande Game Reserve: A Biodiversity Survey. TFCG Technical Paper No 7. DSM, Tz. 1-100 pp. Sections with Report: (example using section 3) Perkin, A., (2003). Mammals. In: Doggart, N. Pande Game Reserve: A Biodiversity Survey. TFCG Technical Paper 7. DSM, Tz. 1-100 pp. 2 Pande Game Reserve: A biodiversity survey The Tanzania Forest Conservation Group The surveys described in this report were conducted by the Tanzania Forest Conservation Group (TFCG). TFCG is a Tanzanian non-governmental organisation registered in 1985. TFCG works with the mission of promoting the conservation of the high biodiversity forests in Tanzania. TFCG operates field-based participatory forest management projects at eight sites in the Eastern Arc and Coastal Forest. TFCG has also been promoting greater awareness of and improved management for Pande Game Reserve. TFCG has also been documenting the biodiversity of these forests and has conducted surveys in the Rubehos, Kimboza and at various of its project sites. The Misitu Yetu Project The Misitu Yetu Project (MYP) is an Integrated Conservation and Development Project (ICDP). It is a partnership between CARE Tanzania, the Tanzania Forest Conservation Group (TFCG) and the Wildlife Conservation Society of Tanzania (WCST). The project works in collaboration with the Wildlife Division (WD) and the Forestry and Beekeeping Division (FBD) of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism; the District Natural Resource Office (DNRO) for Kisarawe and Kibaha and the Municipal Natural Resource Office of Kinondoni and Ilala. The MYP aims to support communities to manage and benefit from the biodiversity rich forests of Eastern Tanzania. The Final Goal of the project is that: ‘The livelihood security of households in communities adjacent to Eastern Arc / Coastal Forest is improved whilst the globally important biodiversity of these areas continues to flourish.’ CARE International in Tanzania CARE-International seeks a world of hope, tolerance and social justice where poverty has been overcome and people live in security and dignity. CARE – Tanzania works in five sectors: health; HIV/AIDS; conservation and development; economic development and education. CARE-Tanzania is a partner in the Misitu Yetu Project. Wildlife Division The Wildlife Division of the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism are the owners and managers of Pande Game Reserve. FOR MORE INFORMATION: Wildlife Division Tanzania Forest Conservation Group PO Box 1994, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania PO Box 23410, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Tel.: +255 (0)22 2866418 Tel.: 255 (0)22 2780737 E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] www.tfcg.org CARE-Tanzania PO Box 10242, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania Tel.: +255 (0)22 2666661 3 Pande Game Reserve: A biodiversity survey Table of contents LIST OF TABLES........................................................................................................ 6 LIST OF APPENDICES ............................................................................................... 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................. 8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................. 9 1) INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 11 1.1 COASTAL FORESTS AND THEIR BIODIVERSITY VALUES ..................................................... 11 1.2 ABOUT THE SURVEY.............................................................................................. 11 1.2.1 Aim .......................................................................................................... 11 1.2.2 Sampling points and survey team ............................................................... 12 1.3 STATUS OF PANDE GAME RESERVE ........................................................................... 12 1.4 PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................... 12 1.4.1 Location ................................................................................................... 12 1.4.2 Soils.........................................................................................................12 1.4.3 Climate..................................................................................................... 12 1.5 HISTORY ........................................................................................................... 13 1.6 DATA STORAGE ................................................................................................... 14 1.7 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................... 14 2) VEGETATION .................................................................................................... 15 2.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 15 2.2 METHODS.......................................................................................................... 16 2.2.1 Botanical collections................................................................................... 16 2.2.2 Vegetation descriptions.............................................................................. 16 2.2.3 Disturbance .............................................................................................. 16 2.2.4 Change in forest cover............................................................................... 17 2.2.5 Assessments of endemic plant species......................................................... 17 2.3 SURVEY EFFORT .................................................................................................. 17 2.4 RESULTS ........................................................................................................... 17 2.4.1 Botanical collections................................................................................... 17 2.4.2 Endemic status.......................................................................................... 22 2.4.3 Vegetation description ............................................................................... 22 2.4.4 Disturbance and forest use......................................................................... 25 2.5 DISCUSSION....................................................................................................... 28 2.6 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................... 28 3) MAMMALS (EXCLUDING BATS)........................................................................ 30 3.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 30 3.2 METHODS.......................................................................................................... 30 3.2.1 Bucket pitfall traps..................................................................................... 30 3.2.2 Sherman traps .......................................................................................... 30 3.2.3 Chardonneret traps for Galagos .................................................................. 30 3.2.4 Tape recording and night surveys for galagos and other nocturnal fauna........ 31 3.2.5 Mist-netting for galagos ............................................................................. 31 3.2.6 Camera trapping ....................................................................................... 31 3.3 SURVEY EFFORT .................................................................................................. 31 3.3.1 Location of sampling points ........................................................................ 31 3.3.2 Sampling intensity ..................................................................................... 32 3.4 RESULTS......................................................................................................... 32 3.4.1 Small mammals (not including bats)........................................................... 32 3.5 DISCUSSION....................................................................................................... 35 3.5.1 Overview .................................................................................................. 35 4 Pande Game Reserve: A biodiversity survey 3.5.2 Species accounts ....................................................................................... 36 3.5.3 Biological affinities..................................................................................... 38 3.6 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................... 39 4) BATS................................................................................................................. 40 4.1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 40 4.2 METHODS.......................................................................................................... 40 4.2.1 Mist netting............................................................................................... 40 4.3 SURVEY EFFORT .................................................................................................