NUNAVIK 1999 TERRITORY NUNAVIK 99 76° 68° Ivujivik Salluit HUDSON Kangiqsujuaq STRAIGHT Akulivik Quaqtaq 60° HUDSON Puvirnituq 60° BAY Kanqirsuk UNGAVA Aupaluk BAY Inukjuak Tasiujaq Kangiqsualujjuaq Kuujjuaq Umiujaq NUNAVIK 55° Kuujjuarapik 55° 050 100 150 200 KM. 76° 68° NUNAVIK 99 AT A GLANCE Statistical data is a powerful tool if gathered accurately and consistently. When compared with prior years, this information gives an indication of social and economic trends in a region. Assessments can be made on population growth, sources of income, the state of health in a region, the trend towards higher educa- tion, the housing situation, and if job creation is keeping up with need. With this purpose at the forefront, it is with great pleasure that we release the 1999 version of Nunavik at a Glance. In terms of the booklet’s content, there are a number of points we wish to mention to readers. • In order to facilitate data comparisons with prior years, we have kept the same format as our previous publication and used the same information sources. Most of the figures originate from the 1996 Canadian Census and Jobs in Nunavik in 1998 survey. • Nunavik population estimates for 1998 were not available at the time of this printing and as such, the population figures presented are the same as our previous edition. Readers should contact the Demography Division of Statistics Canada directly to obtain 1998 estimates of total population. • Since housing is an increasingly important issue in Nunavik, three new tables have been included in this edition that give information on dwellings. • Though tourism is an economic sector in which many parties are interested, there remains a lack of accurate, reliable data on this industry and therefore no figures have been included. • There also remains a lack of data on Nunavik residents’ spending habits, which would make the income data more meaningful. • Readers are, as always, cautioned against comparing exact figures between tables, as the data presented come from various sources and/or were collected using different methodologies. Therefore, some discrepancies exist. Also, most data presented are for Nunavik’s total population, unless otherwise stated. The formation of a regional statistics bureau in Nunavik, which would address the issues of missing, inconsistent data and other relevant issues, remains an important goal for the region. Makivik would like to express its gratitude to all who contributed to this booklet, including representatives of the Kativik Regional Government, the Kativik School Board, the Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services and the Ministère de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Québec. We would like to extend a special thank you to Statistics Canada, and most particularly to its Montreal Advisory Services section. Table of Contents The Nunavik Region ............................................................................................... 1 Demography Total Population and Growth, Nunavik and Communities, 1996 ..................... 2 Total and Inuit Population, Nunavik and Communities, 1996 .......................... 3 Population by Age Group, Nunavik and Communities, 1996 ........................... 4 Population by Age and Gender, Nunavik and Quebec, 1996 ............................ 4 Total Beneficiaries, Nunavik and Communities, 1999 ...................................... 5 Families, by Percentage 1996 ........................................................................... 6 Language, 1996 ................................................................................................ 6 Vital Statistics Comparative Birth Rates, 1996 ........................................................................ 7 Comparative Life Expectancy at Birth, 1983 to 1997 ....................................... 7 Comparative Death Rates, 1996....................................................................... 8 Leading Causes of Death from 1995 to 1997 .................................................. 8 Education Nunavik Schools, Enrollments and Teachers, 1995 to 1998 ............................. 9 Highest Level of Educational Attainment, Population Aged 15+, 1996 ........... 9 Income Nunavik Income, Population Aged 15 & Over, 1996....................................... 10 Nunavik Average and Median Income, Population Aged 15 & Over, 1996 .... 10 Family Income, Comparative Data, 1996........................................................ 11 Major Sources of Income in Nunavik, 1996 ................................................... 11 Labour Market Nunavik Labour Force Activity, 1996 .............................................................. 12 Labour Force Activity, Comparative Data, 1991 and 1996 ............................. 12 Employment Jobs In Nunavik, 1993, 1995 and 1998 .......................................................... 13 Nunavik Jobs by Status and Gender, 1998 ..................................................... 13 Nunavik Jobs by Type of Establishment, 1998 ............................................... 14 Nunavik Jobs by Sector of Activity, 1998........................................................ 14 Nunavik Jobs by Community, 1998 ................................................................ 15 Housing Tenure of Dwellings, Comparative Data, 1996 ............................................... 16 Average Number of Persons Per Household, Per Community, 1996 ............... 16 Average Number of Persons Per Household, Comparative Data, 1996 .......... 16 Cost of Living Comparative Cost of a Nutritious Northern Food Basket For a Family of Four for One Week, 1996 ....................................................... 17 THE NUNAVIK REGION 2 Nunavik is a vast arctic region (660,000 km ) which covers the area in Quebec north th of the 55 parallel. There are 14 communities along the Ungava Bay, Hudson’s Strait, and Hudson’s Bay coasts. The villages are between 1,500 and 2,500 kilometers north of Montreal. All but three of these communities have less than 1,000 inhabit- ants. The largest communities are Kuujjuaq, Puvirnituq and Inukjuak. According to the 1996 Canadian Census, Nunavik has a population of approximately 8,700 people, 88% of which are of Inuit origin. According to the Ministère de la Santé et des Services Sociaux du Québec, the total number of Inuit beneficiaries of the James Bay and Northern Quebec agreement as of August 1999 was 9,045. The population of Nunavik is young. Over half the Inuit population is under the age of 25 and three-quarters is under the age of 35. Inuit are Canadian citizens and pay all federal and provincial sales and income taxes. The education system is operated by the Kativik School Board (KSB). Students are taught in Inuttitut until the third grade, at which time they choose a second lan- guage of instruction. The Inuit language and culture continue to be taught through- out primary and secondary school and Inuttitut remains the dominant language spoken. The predominant religion in Nunavik is Anglican. There are no roads between Nunavik communities nor roads linking Nunavik to the South. Air service provides the only year-round cargo and passenger transportation. Maritime service is available in the summer and fall. The majority of employment in Nunavik is in the public and para-public sector. Approximately 60% of all full-time permanent positions are in health, education, and local, regional and provincial administration. Air transportation, small busi- nesses, mining and construction jobs account for most private sector employment. The territory of Nunavik – formerly called Rupert’s Land – was incorporated within the boundaries of Canada at the time of Confederation in 1867. The 1912 Bounda- ries Extension Act transferred jurisdiction over Nunavik to the province of Quebec, on condition that outstanding indigenous rights to the territory be settled. In the 1970s, the Cree and Inuit went to court to contest the building of the La Grande Hydro project (part of the James Bay complex). This court challenge led to Quebec agreeing to fulfill their obligation contained in the 1912 Boundaries Extension Act, and resulted in the signing of the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement (JBNQA). Makivik Corporation and the Kativik Regional Government (KRG) were created out of the JBNQA. Makivik’s principle mandate is to administer the compensation funds intended for the Inuit from the JBNQA and to represent the Inuit politically. KRG has administrative jurisdiction over the Nunavik territory and since its inception has assumed the responsibility of many federal and provincial programs. 1 DEMOGRAPHY NUNAVIK 99 Total Population and Growth, Nunavik and Communities, 1996 %change June1986 June1991 June1996 from1991 Akulivik 337 375 411 9.6% Aupaluk 110 131 159 21.4% Inukjuak 778 1,044 1,184 13.4% Ivujivik 208 263 274 4.2% Kangiqsualujjuaq 383 529 648 22.5% Kangiqsujuaq 337 404 479 18.6% Kangirsuk 308 351 394 12.3% Kuujjuaq 1,066 1,405 1,726 22.8% Kuujjuarapik1 616 605 579 -4.3% Puvirnituq 868 1,091 1,169 7.1% Quaqtaq 185 236 257 8.9% Salluit 663 823 929 12.9% Tasiujaq 135 152 191 25.7% Umiujaq 59 284 315 10.9% Nunavik 6,053 7,693 8,715 13.3% 1TransferofpopulationduetothecreationofUmiujaq Note: Thedatapresentedthroughoutthebooklet,particularlythoseforpopulationanditssub-components,comefrom varioussourcesand/orwerecollectedusingdifferentmethodologies.Therefore,somediscrepanciesexistandthe readeriscautionedagainstcomparingexactfiguresbetweentables. Source: StatisticsCanada,CensusofPopulation Statistics Canada