Introduction SOME COMMENTS ON CP-VIOLATION AND LEPTOGENESIS Marco Drewes TU München 23. 8. 2016, NuFact, Quy Nhon, Vietnam SOME COMMENTS ON CP-VIOLATION AND LEPTOGENESIS 1 / 7 Introduction The Standard Model and General Relativity together explain almost all phenomena observed in nature, but::: gravity is not quantised a handful of observations remain unexplained neutrino oscillations - the only signal found in the lab! baryon asymmetry of the universe - leptogenesis? dark matter - sterile neutrinos? accelerated cosmic expansion (Dark Energy, inflation) planck.cf.ac.uk SOME COMMENTS ON CP-VIOLATION AND LEPTOGENESIS 2 / 7 Introduction 125 GeV figure by M. Shaposhnikov SOME COMMENTS ON CP-VIOLATION AND LEPTOGENESIS 3 / 7 Introduction MaD/Garbrecht 1502.00477 SOME COMMENTS ON CP-VIOLATION AND LEPTOGENESIS 4 / 7 Introduction High scale leptogenesis Lepton asymmetries are characterised by CP violating parameter 3 M = 1 ( ) α y 2 Im Fα1 mν αβFβ1 16π (F F)11v Φ Φ Φ lβ Φ NI NI NI NJ NJ lβ lα Φ lα lα q 1 diag Yukawa matrix F = v Uν mν pMM ,Casas/Ibarra complex rotation matrix R R Vanilla leptogenesis P Asymmetry only depends on = α α Dependency on Uν drops out baryon asymmetry only depends on complex "Euler angles" in ) R Flavoured leptogenesis No sum over α baryon asymmetry depends on both, complex ) angles in and the phases in Uν R SOME COMMENTS ON CP-VIOLATION AND LEPTOGENESIS 5 / 7 Introduction Low scale leptogenesis I is experimentally accessible plot from MaD/Garbrecht/Gueter/Klaric 1606.06690 see also Canetti/MaD/Frossard/Shaposhnikov 1208.4607 Hernandez/Kekic/Lopez-Pavon/Salvado 1606.06719 Abada/Arcadi/Domcke/Lucente 1507.06215 can explain baryon asymmetry with PMNS phases alone 106 104 100 10 MeV D eV 100 MeV @ 1 M D 1 GeV 0.01 10-4 10 GeV 10-6 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 eIm HΩL Canetti/MaD/Frossard/Shaposhnikov 1208.4607 SOME COMMENTS ON CP-VIOLATION AND LEPTOGENESIS 6 / 7 Introduction Low scale leptogenesis II δ affects active-sterile flavour mixing pattern 0.5 0.4 2 2 0.3 sin θ23 = 0.576 U / 2 2 μ sin 23 = 0.45 U θ 0.2 δ= 256° 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 2 2 Ue /U CP-violation in sterile sector may be measued at SHiP (?) Cvetic/Zamora-Saa SOME COMMENTS ON CP-VIOLATION AND LEPTOGENESIS 7 / 7 Introduction some slides that may be useful for the discussion SOME COMMENTS ON CP-VIOLATION AND LEPTOGENESIS 8 / 7 We need New Physics! Could the same New Physics solve these puzzles? Can we probe it in the lab? Introduction Neutrinos have masses. There is (almost) no antimatter in the observable universe. There are 1010 times more photons in the observable ∼ universe than nuclei. SOME COMMENTS ON CP-VIOLATION AND LEPTOGENESIS 9 / 7 Introduction Neutrinos have masses. There is (almost) no antimatter in the observable universe. There are 1010 times more photons in the observable ∼ universe than nuclei. We need New Physics! Could the same New Physics solve these puzzles? Can we probe it in the lab? SOME COMMENTS ON CP-VIOLATION AND LEPTOGENESIS 9 / 7 Introduction 125 GeV figure by M. Shaposhnikov SOME COMMENTS ON CP-VIOLATION AND LEPTOGENESIS 10 / 7 c three light neutrinos ν Uν (νL + θν ) ' R mostly "active" SU(2) doublet T 2 −1 T light masses mν ' θMM θ = v FMM F T c three heavy neutrinos N νR + θ ν ' L mostly "sterile" singlets heavy masses MN ' MM Majorana masses MM introduce new mass scale(s) MI 2 2 new heavy states only interact via small mixing U = θaI 1 aI j j Introduction Neutrino masses: Seesaw mechanism ¯ ~ y ~ y 1 ¯c y c = + iν¯R@ν= R LLFνRH ν¯RF LH (ν RMM νR +ν ¯RM ν ) L LSM − − − 2 M R Minkowski 1979, Gell-Mann/Ramond/Slansky 1979, Mohapatra/Senjanovic 1979, Yanagida 1980, Schechter/Valle 1980 c 1 c 0 mD νL (νL νR) T ) 2 mD MM νR −1 −1 two sets of Majorana mass states with mixing θ = mDMM = vFMM SOME COMMENTS ON CP-VIOLATION AND LEPTOGENESIS 11 / 7 Introduction Neutrino masses: Seesaw mechanism ¯ ~ y ~ y 1 ¯c y c = + iν¯R@ν= R LLFνRH ν¯RF LH (ν RMM νR +ν ¯RM ν ) L LSM − − − 2 M R Minkowski 1979, Gell-Mann/Ramond/Slansky 1979, Mohapatra/Senjanovic 1979, Yanagida 1980, Schechter/Valle 1980 c 1 c 0 mD νL (νL νR) T ) 2 mD MM νR −1 −1 two sets of Majorana mass states with mixing θ = mDMM = vFMM c three light neutrinos ν Uν (νL + θν ) ' R mostly "active" SU(2) doublet T 2 −1 T light masses mν ' θMM θ = v FMM F T c three heavy neutrinos N νR + θ ν ' L mostly "sterile" singlets heavy masses MN ' MM Majorana masses MM introduce new mass scale(s) MI 2 2 new heavy states only interact via small mixing UaI = θaI 1 SOME COMMENTS ON CP-VIOLATION ANDj LEPTOGENESISj 11 / 7 Introduction MaD/Garbrecht 1502.00477 SOME COMMENTS ON CP-VIOLATION AND LEPTOGENESIS 12 / 7 SM: sphalerons violate B, but conserve B − L at T > 140 GeV Yukawa couplings F violate individual lepton flavour numbers in addition MM violates total lepton number SM: weak interaction violates P and CP, but CP-violation insufficient additional complex phases in F violate CP SM: Hubble expansion unsufficient, no EW phase transition Y NI production ("freeze in leptogenesis") Akhmedov/Rubakov/Smirnov Yeq NI freezeout and decay ("freeze out leptogenesis") Fukugita/Yanagida M/T Introduction Leptogenesis: Sakharov conditions baryon number violation C and CP violation nonequilibrium SOME COMMENTS ON CP-VIOLATION AND LEPTOGENESIS 13 / 7 baryon asymmetry is generated during NI production at T > 140 GeV NI freezeout and decay at T M 140 GeV produce large late time lepton asymmetry ∼ Yukawa couplings F violate individual lepton flavour numbers in addition MM violates total lepton number additional complex phases in F violate CP Y NI production ("freeze in leptogenesis") Akhmedov/Rubakov/Smirnov Yeq NI freezeout and decay ("freeze out leptogenesis") Fukugita/Yanagida M/T Introduction Leptogenesis: Sakharov conditions baryon number violation SM: sphalerons violate B, but conserve B − L at T > 140 GeV C and CP violation SM: weak interaction violates P and CP, but CP-violation insufficient nonequilibrium SM: Hubble expansion unsufficient, no EW phase transition SOME COMMENTS ON CP-VIOLATION AND LEPTOGENESIS 13 / 7 baryon asymmetry is generated during NI production at T > 140 GeV NI freezeout and decay at T M 140 GeV produce large late time lepton asymmetry ∼ additional complex phases in F violate CP Y NI production ("freeze in leptogenesis") Akhmedov/Rubakov/Smirnov Yeq NI freezeout and decay ("freeze out leptogenesis") Fukugita/Yanagida M/T Introduction Leptogenesis: Sakharov conditions baryon number violation SM: sphalerons violate B, but conserve B − L at T > 140 GeV Yukawa couplings F violate individual lepton flavour numbers in addition MM violates total lepton number C and CP violation SM: weak interaction violates P and CP, but CP-violation insufficient nonequilibrium SM: Hubble expansion unsufficient, no EW phase transition SOME COMMENTS ON CP-VIOLATION AND LEPTOGENESIS 13 / 7 baryon asymmetry is generated during NI production at T > 140 GeV NI freezeout and decay at T M 140 GeV produce large late time lepton asymmetry ∼ Y NI production ("freeze in leptogenesis") Akhmedov/Rubakov/Smirnov Yeq NI freezeout and decay ("freeze out leptogenesis") Fukugita/Yanagida M/T Introduction Leptogenesis: Sakharov conditions baryon number violation SM: sphalerons violate B, but conserve B − L at T > 140 GeV Yukawa couplings F violate individual lepton flavour numbers in addition MM violates total lepton number C and CP violation SM: weak interaction violates P and CP, but CP-violation insufficient additional complex phases in F violate CP nonequilibrium SM: Hubble expansion unsufficient, no EW phase transition SOME COMMENTS ON CP-VIOLATION AND LEPTOGENESIS 13 / 7 baryon asymmetry is generated during NI production at T > 140 GeV NI freezeout and decay at T M 140 GeV produce large late time lepton asymmetry ∼ Y Yeq M/T Introduction Leptogenesis: Sakharov conditions baryon number violation SM: sphalerons violate B, but conserve B − L at T > 140 GeV Yukawa couplings F violate individual lepton flavour numbers in addition MM violates total lepton number C and CP violation SM: weak interaction violates P and CP, but CP-violation insufficient additional complex phases in F violate CP nonequilibrium SM: Hubble expansion unsufficient, no EW phase transition NI production ("freeze in leptogenesis") Akhmedov/Rubakov/Smirnov NI freezeout and decay ("freeze out leptogenesis") Fukugita/Yanagida SOME COMMENTS ON CP-VIOLATION AND LEPTOGENESIS 13 / 7 baryon asymmetry is generated during NI production at T > 140 GeV NI freezeout and decay at T M 140 GeV produce large late time lepton asymmetry ∼ Introduction Vanilla Leptogenesis (freeze out)Fukugita/Yanagida NI are produced thermally very early at T > M freeze out and decay at T . M CP-violating decay producesΦ L = 0Φ Φ lβ 6 Φ NI NI NI NJ NJ lβ lα Φ lα lα L = 0 is partly transferred into B = 0 by sphalerons 6 6 Boltzmann equations (x = M=T ) see e.g. Buchmüller/Plümacher dY xH N = Γ (Y Y eq) dx − N N − N dYB−L eq xH = Γ (Y Y ) c Γ Y − dx N N − N − W N B L SOME COMMENTS ON CP-VIOLATION AND LEPTOGENESIS 14 / 7 Introduction first principles derivation of kinetic equations Anisimov/Buchmuller/MaD/Mendizabal, Beneke/Garbrecht/Herranen/Schwaller, Garny/Hohenegger/Kartavtsev, Dev/Millington/Pilaftsis/Teresi quasiparticle dispersion relations Giudice/Notari/Raidal/Riotto 04, Plumacher/Kiessig 12 momentum dependency Hahn-Woernle/Plumacher/Wong 09, Asaks/Eijima/Ishida 12, Bodeker/Wormann 14 production rate ΓN Salvio/Lodone/Strumia 11, Laine 12, Besak/Bodeker 12, Biondini/Brambilla/Escobedo/Vairo 13, Garbrecht/Glowna/Herranen 13, Garbrecht/Glowna/Schwaller 13, Ghisoiu/Laine 14, Ghiglieri/Laine 15, Ghiglieri/Laine 16 washout rates cW ΓN Bodeker/Laine 14, Ghisoiu/Laine 14, Ghiglieri/Laine 16 CP violating parameter Biondini/Brambilla/Escobedo/Vairo 15 behaviour near resonance Garny/Hohenegger/Kartavtsev 11, Garbrecht/Herranen 11, Dev/Millington/Pilaftsis/Teresi 11 flavour effects Abada/Davidson/Ibarra/Josse-Michaux/Losada/Riotto 06, Nardi/Nir/Roulet/Racker 06, Jose-Michaux/Abada 07, Aristazabal Sierra/Munoz/Nardi 09, Racker/Pena/Rius 12, Beneke/Fidler/Garbrecht/Herranen/Schwaller 11, ..