Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group Tree factsheet images at page 3 Diospyros celebica Bakh Leo Goudzwaard taxonomy author, year Bakh, …. synonym family Ebenaceae Eng. Name Ebony, Black Ebony, Macassar other names Sulawesi: kayu maitong, kayu lotong, sora, toetandu Dutch name Ebben, Coromandel, gestreept ebben, Makassaars ebben subspecies varieties hybrids references CAB International. 2005. The Forestry Compendium. www.cabicompendium.org/fc Houtvademecum (in Dutch) Malik, A. Management of Diospyros celebica Bakh. in Indonesia. Journal of Agriculture and Rural Development in the Tropics and Subtropics, 2004 (No. Supplement 80) 102-109. morphology crown habit max. height (m) 40 max. dbh (cm) 150 actual sizes –location, country - oldest tree –location- leaf length (cm) 6-15 leaf petiole (cm) leaf colour upper surface green leaf colour under surface leaves arrangement alternate flowering flowering plant monoecious, both sexes in the same inflorescence, with unisexual flowers flower flower diameter pollen cones (cm) inflorescence description, length pollination fruit description berry, similar to a small persimon (or kaki) fruiting period fruit; length (cm) fruit petiole; length (cm) seed; length (cm) seed-wing length (cm) weight of 1000 seeds (kg) seeds ripen seed dispersal seed longevity, dormancy habitat natural distribution East Indonesia, Sulawesi, Malukku, Celebes, Philippines introduced countries Java area natural habitat (ha) soil type light and medium texture water pH-KCl acid, neutral and calcareous soil fertility tolerates shallow, infertile soil light tolerates shade temperature absolute minimum > 17 C “optimum natural development” moist tropical climate remarks grows also in seasonal climatic areas management status natural range vulnerable status introduced range application timber tree propagation seed regeneration planting, natural regeneration optimal gap size for regeneration resprouting after cutting good growth rate slow; 6 m3/ha/year reported from trial stands in Java diseases insects ecology plant communities / associations associated trees wood trade names Coromandel, Streaked ebony, Macassar wood structures key characteristics density heartwood (kg/m 3) 1010-1270 (at 15% moisture content); 1150 (at 12% moisture content) elastic modulus (N/mm 2) total above ground biomass fungi class durability heartwood 1; very durable heartwood colour brown with black stripes sapwood colour yellowish white contents products ornamental wood, high quality cabinets, carving, musical instruments s.a. guitars, finger boards market High value; sold per kg, but rare remarks other Diospyros species, Albizzia lebbeck, Dalbergia melanoxylon (African blackwood, Mozambique ebben (NL), Afrikaans Grenadille (NL)), Euclea pseudebenus also provide valuable ebony-like timber “Contact with leaves, bark, fruit, root or wood dust of trees of the Diospyros and Euclea families has caused dermatitis and respiratory irritation“ (Botanical Dermatology Database) non-timber products Diospyros celebica wood ©Burgess Wood Products Diospyros celebica logs, ©Debritto.net .