Competencies in the Danish Maritime Cluster: A benchmarking-analysis Britta Gammelgaard, Henrik Sornn-Friese, Jens Hansen, Mads Jessen and Morten Larsen February 2013 Competencies in the Danish Maritime Cluster: A benchmarking-analysis February 2013 ISBN: 978-87-996049-1-3 This benchmarking-analysis was prepared by the Departments of Operations Management and Center for Shipping Economics and Innovation of Copenhagen Business School, and published by the Danish Maritime Cluster (DKMK) The Danish Maritime Cluster is funded by the Capital Region of Denmark and the European Social Fund 2 Table of contents Chapter 1: Introduction ................................................................................................................ 6 1.1. Structure of the benchmarking- analysis ............................................................................ 11 Chapter 2: Norway...................................................................................................................... 13 2.1 History ................................................................................................................................... 15 2.2 Maritime Policy ..................................................................................................................... 17 2.3 Logistics ................................................................................................................................. 18 2.3.1 Infrastructure ..................................................................................................................... 18 2.3.2 The Logistics Industry........................................................................................................ 19 2.4 Research and Development ................................................................................................... 20 2.5 Higher Education .................................................................................................................. 23 Chapter 3: The Netherlands ....................................................................................................... 29 3.1 History ................................................................................................................................... 30 3.2 Maritime Policy ..................................................................................................................... 32 3.3 Logistics ................................................................................................................................. 32 3.3.1 Infrastructure ..................................................................................................................... 33 3.3.2 The Logistics Industry........................................................................................................ 35 3.4 Research and Development ................................................................................................... 35 3.5 Higher Education .................................................................................................................. 36 Chapter 4: London ...................................................................................................................... 41 4.1 History ................................................................................................................................... 42 4.2 Maritime Policy ..................................................................................................................... 43 4.3 Logistics ................................................................................................................................. 44 4.3.1 Infrastructure ..................................................................................................................... 45 4.3.2 The Logistics Industry........................................................................................................ 46 4.4 Research and Development ................................................................................................... 47 4.5 Higher Education .................................................................................................................. 49 Chapter 5: Virginia ..................................................................................................................... 56 5.1 History ................................................................................................................................... 56 3 5.2 Maritime Policy ..................................................................................................................... 57 5.3 Logistics ................................................................................................................................. 59 5.3.1 Infrastructure ..................................................................................................................... 59 5.3.2 The Logistics Industry........................................................................................................ 63 5.4 Research and Development ................................................................................................... 63 5.5 Higher Education .................................................................................................................. 63 Chapter 6: Singapore .................................................................................................................. 68 6.1 History ................................................................................................................................... 70 6.2 Maritime Policy ..................................................................................................................... 71 6.3 Logistics ................................................................................................................................. 72 6.3.1 Infrastructure ..................................................................................................................... 72 6.3.2 The Logistics Industry........................................................................................................ 74 6.4 Research and Development ................................................................................................... 74 6.5 Higher Education .................................................................................................................. 76 Chapter 7: Hong Kong ................................................................................................................ 82 7.1 History ................................................................................................................................... 82 7.2 Maritime Policy ..................................................................................................................... 83 7.3.2 Logistics .............................................................................................................................. 85 7.3.3 The Logistics Industry........................................................................................................ 85 7.4 Research and Development ................................................................................................... 87 7.5 Higher Education .................................................................................................................. 88 Chapter 8: Shanghai ................................................................................................................... 93 8.1 History ................................................................................................................................... 94 8.2 Maritime Policy ..................................................................................................................... 95 8.3 Logistics China ...................................................................................................................... 96 8.3.1 Infrastructure China .......................................................................................................... 96 8.3 Logistics Shanghai ................................................................................................................. 98 8.3.1 Infrastructure ..................................................................................................................... 98 8.3.2 The Logistics Industry........................................................................................................ 99 8.4 Research and Development ................................................................................................... 99 8.5 Higher Education ................................................................................................................ 102 4 Chapter 9: Denmark ................................................................................................................. 110 9.1 History ................................................................................................................................. 111 9.2 Maritime Policy ................................................................................................................... 112 9.3 Logistics ............................................................................................................................... 113 9.3.1 Infrastructure ................................................................................................................... 114 9.3.2 Logistics Industry ............................................................................................................