Vulnerability Assessment and Analysis Report Lesotho Vulnerability Assessment Committee (LVAC) Lesotho – Annual Vulnerability Assessment and Analysis Report June 2017 © Lesotho Vulnerability Assessment Committee TABLE OF CONTENTS A.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ....................................................................................................................................... 8 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1.Objectives: ................................................................................................................................................... 9 2 The Inquiry Process – Methodology .................................................................................................................. 10 2.1 Study Design ........................................................................................................................................ 10 2.2. Implementation Strategy .................................................................................................................... 10 2.2.1 Primary data collection ...................................................................................................................... 10 2.2.2.Sampling Frame ................................................................................................................................. 10 2.2.3.Sample Size Determination ................................................................................................................ 11 2.2.4. Household survey: ............................................................................................................................ 12` 2.2.5. Focus group Discussions with key informants .................................................................................. 13 2.2.6. Field processes .................................................................................................................................. 13 2.2.7. Field Work Timing ............................................................................................................................. 13 2.2.8. Data analysis and report compilation. .............................................................................................. 13 2.3 Conceptual framework .............................................................................................................................. 14 3 Assessment findings .......................................................................................................................................... 15 3.1 National Context ........................................................................................................................................ 15 3.2 Household demographics .......................................................................................................................... 16 3.3 Seasonal Performance ............................................................................................................................... 17 3.4. Accomodation, shelter,water and sanitation ........................................................................................... 17 3.4.1.Shelter ownership .............................................................................................................................. 17 3.4.1.Shelter structure ................................................................................................................................ 18 3.4.1. Accomodation Length/Period .......................................................................................................... 18 3.4.2 Lighting source ................................................................................................................................... 18 3.4.3.Heating and cooking sources ............................................................................................................. 19 3.4.4.Water sources .................................................................................................................................... 20 1 | P a g e 3.4.5 Access to safe drinking water ............................................................................................................. 21 3.4.6 Water treatment: ............................................................................................................................... 22 3.4.7. Water Utilisation ............................................................................................................................... 23 3.4.8 Water demand ................................................................................................................................... 23 3.4.9.Water collection by sex and age ........................................................................................................ 24 3.5. Sanitaion ................................................................................................................................................... 25 3.5.1. Toilet Type ......................................................................................................................................... 25 3.5.2 Toilet distance .................................................................................................................................... 26 3.5.3 Hand washing facilities ....................................................................................................................... 27 3.5.4 Pollution risk ...................................................................................................................................... 27 4.Agriculture and Food Security ........................................................................................................................... 28 4.1 Crop Production ......................................................................................................................................... 28 4.1.1. Access to agricultural land ................................................................................................................ 29 4.1.2. Roles in crop production by gender .................................................................................................. 30 4.1.3.Use and access of improved agricultural inputs ................................................................................ 30 4.1.4. Main Crops harvested ....................................................................................................................... 31 4.1.5.Vegetable production ........................................................................................................................ 32 4.1.6. Winter cropping ................................................................................................................................ 32 4.2. Livestock production ................................................................................................................................. 33 4.2.1.Livestock diseases and treatment ...................................................................................................... 34 5.LIVELIHOODS SOURCES IN RURAL SETTLEMENTS .............................................................................................. 37 5.1 Household income sources in urban settlements ..................................................................................... 37 6.Market Prices: .................................................................................................................................................... 38 6.1.Staple Price ................................................................................................................................................ 38 6.2 Livestock market and prices ....................................................................................................................... 38 6.3 Household Expenditure on heating and cooking sources .......................................................................... 39 7. Household food consumption .......................................................................................................................... 40 7.1 Food consumption score............................................................................................................................ 40 2 | P a g e 7.2 Food consumption nutrition (FCS-N) ......................................................................................................... 41 7.3 Household Dietary Diversity ...................................................................................................................... 43 7.4 Livelihood coping strategies ...................................................................................................................... 45 7.5 Reduced consumption-based strategies (rCSI) .......................................................................................... 47 7.6 Household Expenditure on food ................................................................................................................ 48 8.Prevalence of food insecurity ....................................................................................................................... 50 8.2. Food insecure population in urban areas ................................................................................................. 51 9. Health and Nutrition