The material herein may be reproduced without seeking permission Concept: Cesare P. R. Romano, The Project on International Courts and Tribunals provided that it is accurately reproduced, is not used for commercial Center on International Cooperation, purposes, and includes an acknowledgement of the author, and the New York University The International Judiciary in Context Project on International Courts and Tribunals. Design: Lorenzo Ottaviani Design / NY International Judicial Bodies International Criminal Trade, Commerce www.pict-pcti.org General Jurisdiction Law/Humanitarian Law Human Rights and Investments Regional Economic Integration Agreements EXISTING EXISTING EXISTING EXISTING Europe Europe /Central Asia DORMANT Latin America / Caribbean Log on to our website for news • International Court • International Criminal Tribunal • European Court of Human • World Trade Organization EXISTING in a legal and regular manner. EXISTING • Economic Community of West EXISTING of Justice (1946 ) for the Former Yugoslavia (1993 ) Rights (1959-1998 / 1998 ) Dispute Settlement Understanding African States Tribunal (1975) about all international courts • Court of Justice of the European The Court does not formally • Economic Court of the Commonwealth • Court of Justice of the (1995 ) and tribunals (judgments, • International Criminal Tribunal • Inter-American Court Communities (1952 ) adjudicate disputes (although it of Independent States (1993 ) • Judicial Board of the Organization EXTINCT Andean Community (1984 ) press releases, articles, and more). for Rwanda (1995 ) of Human Rights (1979 ) The DSU created a dispute settlement of Arab Petroleum Exporting • Benelux Economic Union Court can render advisory opinions). • Permanent Court of International system based on a standing political When auditors discover cases of Countries (1980) • Central American Court of Justice This chart can also be of Justice (1974 ) Justice (1919-1945) EXTINCT NASCENT organ (the Dispute Settlement Body), irregularities, including suspected Africa /Middle East “Corte Centroamericana downloaded from the PICT site. • Court of Justice of the Economic de Justicia” (1994 ) • African Slave Trade Mixed • African Court of Human comprising all members of the WTO, a The Benelux College of Arbitrators fraud, the information is EXISTING Community of Central African set of ad hoc expert panels, and the has been listed in the section communicated to the Community Tribunals (1819-1866 circa) and Peoples’ Rights (1998) • Common Court of Justice and States (1983) EXTINCT Appellate Body. The reports of the “Permanent Arbitral Tribunals / bodies responsible in order that Arbitration of the Organization Law of the Sea • International Military Tribunal Conciliation Commissions”. • Court of Justice of the Arab • Central American Court at Nuremberg (1945-1946) PROPOSED Panels and the Appellate Body can be they may take appropriate action. for the Harmonization of rejected by the DSB only by consensus. Maghreb Union (1989) of Justice “Corte de Justicia EXISTING • International Human • Court of First Instance of the • EFTA Court (1994 ) Corporate Law in Africa (1997 ) • International Military Tribunal • Court of Justice of the African Centroamericana” (1908-1918) • International Tribunal for the Rights Court Strictly speaking, only the Appellate European Communities (1988 ) for the Far East (1946-1948) Body belongs in this column, while the • Court of Justice of the Common Economic Community (1991) Law of the Sea (1996 ) The European Court of Auditors DORMANT DSB and the panels should be listed in Market for Eastern and Southern NASCENT (1977) is not quite an international • European Nuclear Energy • Southern Africa Development ABORTED the section, “Permanent Arbitral Africa (1998 ) • Caribbean Court of Justice (2001) judicial body (see back). It is an Tribunal (OECD) (1957) Community Tribunal (1992) • International Prize Court (1907) Tribunals/Conciliation Commissions”. internal control body of the • Western European Union EXTINCT PROPOSED Environment European Union. It examines PROPOSED NASCENT PROPOSED Tribunal (1957) • East African Community Court • MERCOSUR Court of Justice PROPOSED whether EU budgetary revenue of Appeal (1967-1977) • International Islamic • International Criminal Court (1998) • International Loans Tribunal has been received, and the • European Tribunal on State Court of Justice • Inter-American Court of • International Court corresponding expenditure incurred, Immunity (Council of Europe) • East African Community Common International Justice for the Environment (1972) Market Tribunal (1967-1977) • Arab Court of Justice Quasi-Judicial, Implementation Control and other Dispute Settlement Bodies Human Rights Bodies International Administrative Tribunals Inspection Panels International Claims and Compensation Bodies - Multilateral / Bilateral EXISTING EXISTING EXISTING EXISTING EXISTING EXISTING EXISTING EXTINCT EXISTING The date in parenthesis • ILO Commission of Inquiry (1919 ) • Commission for Displaced • International Labour Organization • Inter-American Development • World Bank Inspection Panel • Iran-United States Claims • German Forced Labour • Property Commissions under This list is not exhaustive, indicates the year in which • ILO Committee of Experts Persons and Refugees Administrative Tribunal (1946 ) Bank Administrative Tribunal (1994 ) Tribunal (1980 ) Compensation Programme (2000) the Peace Treaty with Japan but only illustrative. There are the body started operating. on the Application of (Bosnia Herzegovina) (1995 ) • United Nations Administrative (1981 ) • Inter-American Development • Marshall Islands Nuclear Claims • Eritrea-Ethiopia Claims (1951-1961*) more than 80 mixed arbitral Conventions and • Commission to Preserve Tribunal (1949 ) • International Monetary Fund Bank Independent Investigation Tribunal (1983 ) Commission (2000 ) • Arbitral Tribunal and Mixed tribunals and claims commissions Note: this is not the date that were created in the on which the agreement Recommendations (1926 ) National Monuments • Appeal Board of the Organization Administrative Tribunal (1994 ) Mechanism (1995 ) • United Nations Compensation Commission under the 1953 London (Bosnia Herzegovina) (1995 ) EXTINCT Agreement on German External nineteenth and twentieth establishing the body • ILO Conference Committee for Economic Cooperation and • Asian Development Bank • Asian Development Bank Commission (1991 ) Debts (1953-1980*) centuries in the wake of armed was signed, nor necessarily on the Application of Development (1950 ) Administrative Tribunal Inspection Policy (1995 ) • Commission for Real Property • American-Mexican Claims conflicts and revolutions. Most the date of the agreement’s Conventions (1926 ) EXTINCT • Appeals Board of the Western • African Development Bank Claims of Displaced Persons Commissions (1868,1923 and 1924) • Arbitral Commission on Property, of them were created in the entry into force. • United Nations Commission • European Commission European Union (1956 ) Administrative Tribunal and Refugees (Bosnia and • Conciliation Commissions under the Rights, and Interests in Germany aftermath of World Wars I and II. on Human Rights (1959-1998) 1947 Peace Treaty with Italy (1956-1969) EXTINCT on Human Rights (1946 ) • Council of Europe Appeals Board • Latin American Integration Herzegovina) (1995 ) * This is the date in which the last (1947-1965*) The dates in parenthesis • ILO Governing Body Committee on (1965 ) Association Administrative • Claims Resolution Tribunal for • Austro-German Property Arbitral award was made. • UN Tribunal for Eritrea (1951-1954) Tribunal (1961-1973) indicate the period during Freedom of Association (1950 ) • Appeals Board of NATO (1965 ) Tribunal Dormant Accounts in Switzerland which the body was (1997 ) • Committee of Independent • Appeals Board of the • UN Tribunal for Libya (1951-1955) in operation. Experts under the European Intergovernmental Committee EXTINCT ABORTED Social Charter (1965 ) for Migration (1972 ) • League of Nations Administrative Certain bodies, after • Committee on the Elimination • Appeals Board of the European Tribunal (1927-1945) having had their constitutive Permanent Arbitral Tribunals/Conciliation Commissions Internationalized Criminal Courts and Tribunals of Racial Discrimination (1969 ) Space Agency (1975 ) • Appeals Board of the European instruments adopted, • International Civil and Political • Administrative Tribunal of the Space Research Organization EXISTING EXISTING EXISTING never started functioning. Rights Committee (1976 ) (1966-1974) The date in parenthesis Organization of American States • Permanent Court of Arbitration • OSCE Court of Conciliation and • Kosovo War and Ethnic Crimes The so-called Lockerbie Trial • Appeals Board of the European indicates the year in which • Inter-American Commission (1976 ) (1899 ) Arbitration (1994 ) Court (2000 ) Court was not an international on Human Rights (1979 ) • World Bank Administrative Space Vehicle Launcher • International Joint Commission • NAFTA Dispute Settlement • United Nations Transitional body nor an internationalized one. the constitutive instrument Development Organization • Committee on the Elimination Tribunal (1980 ) (1909 ) Panels (1994 ) Administration in East Timor – It was a Scottish court, applying was adopted. (1966-1974) of All Forms of Discrimination Prosecutor General (2000 ) Scottish criminal law. Unlike DORMANT • Bank for International • Arbitration and Mediation Center the bodies listed in this column,