Asian–African Practitioners’ Meeting on Political Finance Regulation and the Eradication of Corruption 20–22 October 2015, Bandung, Indonesia www.idea.int Asian–African Practitioners’ Meeting on Political Finance Regulation and the Eradication of Corruption 20–22 October 2015, Bandung, Indonesia A report from a meeting organized by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia (MFA), the Non-Aligned Movement Centre for South– South Technical Cooperation (NAM-CSSTC) and the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA) Report Writer Sanjay Gathia Content Editor Adhy Aman © 2016 International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance International IDEA Strömsborg SE–103 34 STOCKHOLM SWEDEN Tel: +46 8 698 37 00, fax: +46 8 20 24 22 Email: [email protected], website: www.idea.int International IDEA publications are independent of specific national or political interests. Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent the views of International IDEA, its Board or its Council members. Credits: Inside page pictures courtesy NAM-CSSTC; Inside picture of Commissioner Daniel Zuchron courtesy Bawaslu Contents List of figures ................................................................................................................................................ 6 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................... 7 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................. 8 Opening Remarks .................................................................................................................................. 12 Welcoming Remarks ............................................................................................................................. 14 Session 1. The Nexus between Political Finance and Corruption ............................ 17 Commissioner Husni Kamil Manik (RIP), Chairman, Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU), the Republic of Indonesia ........................................... 17 Tur-Od Lkhagvajav, Chairman of the Public Council, Independent Authority Against Corruption, Mongolian People’s Republic ................................................................. 19 Professor Adebayo Olorunimbe Olukoshi, Regional Director for Africa, International IDEA ........................................................................................................... 23 Session discussions .................................................................................................................................... 27 Session 2. Case Study Presentations: Regulatory Enforcement Challenges and Stakeholders’ Responses ................................................................................ 33 Alistair Craig Clark, Programme Officer for Africa, International IDEA .................................................................................................................................. 33 Sotheara Yoeurng, Legal and Monitoring Officer, Committee for Free and Fair Elections (COMFREL), Kingdom of Cambodia ........................................ 35 Session discussions .................................................................................................................................... 39 Session 3. Political Finance Regulation Enforcement and Developing Institutionalized Stakeholder Cooperation in Response .............................................. 41 Judge Fadhila Gargouri, President of the Chamber, Court of Accounts, Republic of Tunisia ........................................................................................ 41 3 Commissioner Luie Tito F. Guia, Commission on Elections (COMELEC), Republic of the Philippines .................................................................................. 45 Ritesh Kumar Shakya, Under Secretary (Finance), Commission for the Investigation of Abuse of Authority, Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ............ 51 Session discussions .................................................................................................................................... 55 Session 4. Case Study Presentations: Political Finance Monitoring, Disclosure and Reporting .................................................................................................................. 60 Prasana K. Dash, Former Director-General (Political Expenditure), Election Commission of India, Republic of India ....................................................................................... 60 Neel Kantha Uprety, Former Chief Election Commissioner, Election Commission of Nepal, Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal ........................................ 67 Dr Khalid Ali El Amin Ali, Associate Professor of Political Economy, University of Khartoum, Republic of Sudan .............................................................................. 74 Dr Ghada Anis Ahmed Elbayaa, Lecturer, Institute of African Studies, Cairo University, Arab Republic of Egypt ................................................................................................. 82 Session discussions .................................................................................................................................... 83 Session 5. National and International Measures for Eradicating Political Finance Corruption and Strengthening Stakeholder Involvement ................................................................................................................................................ 86 Judge Fadhila Gargouri, President of the Chamber, Court of Accounts, Republic of Tunisia ............................................................................................................ 86 Dr George Klay Kieh Jr, Professor of Political Science, University of West Georgia, United States of America ................................................................................. 91 Commissioner Daniel Zuchron, Chair, Badan Pengawas Pemilihan Umum (Bawaslu), Republic of Indonesia ..................................................................................... 95 Session discussions .................................................................................................................................... 97 Case Study Presentation, Prasana Kumar Dash, Former Director-General (Political Expenditure), Election Commission of India, Republic of India ................................................................................................................... 99 Session 6. Asia-Africa Cross-cutting Conclusions and Recommendations ......... 106 Cross-cutting conclusions ..................................................................................................................... 106 Cross-cutting recommendations ........................................................................................................ 109 4 Annex 1. Evaluation and feedback ............................................................................................... 113 Annex 2. Agenda of the Meeting ................................................................................................... 116 Annex 3. List of participants ........................................................................................................... 122 About International IDEA ................................................................................................................ 124 About the Non-Aligned Movement Centre for South–South Technical Cooperation ............................................................................................................................................... 125 5 List of figures Figure 1. KPU call of action against political corruption ..................................................... 18 Figure 2. Private sector influence in Mongolia .......................................................................... 20 Figure 3. Mongolian peoples’ aspirations/IAAC polls ........................................................... 22 Figure 4. The development of Cambodia’s electoral laws .................................................... 37 Figure 5. Cambodia’s political finance regulations .................................................................. 38 Figure 6. The relationship between Tunisian oversight and enforcement agencies ...... 42 Figure 7. Tunisia’s envisioned role of CSOs and Media ......................................................... 43 Figure 8. Institutional linkages to campaign finance investigations in the Philippines ........................................................................................................ 49 Figure 9. The role of Nepal’s CIAA .................................................................................................. 52 Figure 10. Nepal’s possibilities of unethical political financing nexus ........................... 53 Figure 11. India’s tangled web of political finance ................................................................... 61 Figure 12. ECI coordination at the national and local levels ............................................. 62 Figure 13. ECI political finance expenditure control measures ........................................ 65 Figure 14. Tunisian pattern of regular funding of political finance ................................ 86 Figure 15. Tunisian control of party and winners