The Digital Signal Processing Handbook SECOND EDITION Video, Speech, and Audio Signal Processing and Associated Standards EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Vijay K. Madisetti Boca Raton London New York CRC Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business The Electrical Engineering Handbook Series Series Editor Richard C. Dorf University of California, Davis Titles Included in the Series The Handbook of Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Mohammad Ilyas The Avionics Handbook, Second Edition, Cary R. Spitzer The Biomedical Engineering Handbook, Third Edition, Joseph D. Bronzino The Circuits and Filters Handbook, Second Edition, Wai-Kai Chen The Communications Handbook, Second Edition, Jerry Gibson The Computer Engineering Handbook, Vojin G. Oklobdzija The Control Handbook, William S. Levine The CRC Handbook of Engineering Tables, Richard C. Dorf The Digital Avionics Handbook, Second Edition Cary R. Spitzer The Digital Signal Processing Handbook, Second Edition, Vijay K. 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Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identifica- tion and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Video, speech, and audio signal processing and associated standards / Vijay K. Madisetti. p. cm. “Second edition of the DSP Handbook has been divided into three parts.” Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4200-4608-3 (alk. paper) 1. Signal processing--Digital techniques--Standards. 2. Digital video--Standards. 3. Image processing--Digital techniques--Standards. 4. Speech processing systems--Standards 5. Sound--Recording and reproducing--Digital techniques--Standards I. Madisetti, V. (Vijay) II. Digital signal processing handbook. III. Title. TK5102.9.V493 2009 621.382’2--dc22 2009022594 Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Contents Preface .................................................................................................................................................. vii Editor..................................................................................................................................................... ix Contributors ........................................................................................................................................ xi PART I Digital Audio Communications Nikil Jayant 1 Auditory Psychophysics for Coding Applications ......................................................... 1-1 Joseph L. Hall 2 MPEG Digital Audio Coding Standards .......................................................................... 2-1 Schuyler R. Quackenbush and Peter Noll 3 Dolby Digital Audio Coding Standards ........................................................................... 3-1 Robert L. Andersen and Grant A. Davidson 4 The Perceptual Audio Coder .............................................................................................. 4-1 Deepen Sinha, James D. Johnston, Sean Dorward, and Schuyler R. Quackenbush 5 Sony Systems .......................................................................................................................... 5-1 Kenzo Akagiri, Masayuki Katakura, H. Yamauchi, E. Saito, M. Kohut, Masayuki Nishiguchi, Kyoya Tsutsui, and Keisuke Toyama PART II Speech Processing Richard V. Cox and Lawrence R. Rabiner 6 Speech Production Models and Their Digital Implementations ................................ 6-1 M. Mohan Sondhi and Juergen Schroeter 7 Speech Coding........................................................................................................................ 7-1 Richard V. Cox 8 Text-to-Speech Synthesis ..................................................................................................... 8-1 Richard Sproat and Joseph Olive 9 Speech Recognition by Machine ........................................................................................ 9-1 Lawrence R. Rabiner and Biing-Hwang Juang v vi Contents 10 Speaker Verification ............................................................................................................ 10-1 Sadaoki Furui and Aaron E. Rosenberg 11 DSP Implementations of Speech Processing ................................................................. 11-1 Kurt Baudendistel 12 Software Tools for Speech Research and Development ............................................. 12-1 John Shore PART III Image and Video Processing Jan Biemond and Russell M. Mersereau 13 Fundamentals of Image Processing ................................................................................. 13-1 Ian T. Young, Jan J. Gerbrands, and Lucas J. van Vliet 14 Still Image Compression .................................................................................................... 14-1 Tor A. Ramstad 15 Image and Video Restoration ........................................................................................... 15-1 A. Murat Tekalp 16 Video Scanning Format Conversion and Motion Estimation .................................. 16-1 Gerard de Haan and Ralph Braspenning 17 Document Modeling and Source Representation in Content-Based Image Retrieval .................................................................................................................... 17-1 Soo Hyun Bae and Biing-Hwang Juang 18 Technologies for Context-Based Video Search over the World Wide Web ......... 18-1 Arshdeep Bahga and Vijay K. Madisetti 19 Image Interpolation ............................................................................................................ 19-1 Yucel Altunbasak 20 Video Sequence Compression .......................................................................................... 20-1 Osama Al-Shaykh, Ralph Neff, David Taubman, and Avideh Zakhor 21 Digital Television