GAGE Report: Title Adolescent girls’ capabilities in Ethiopia The state of the evidence on programme effectiveness Maria Stavropoulou and Nandini Gupta-Archer d December 2017 Disclaimer Gender and Adolescence: Global Evidence (GAGE) is a nine-year longitudinal research programme building knowledge on good practice programmes and policies that support adolescent girls in the Global South to reach their full potential. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank all those who helped to This document is an output of the programme which is produce this country evidence review, including Alula funded by UK Aid from the UK Department for International Pankhurst, Nicola Jones, Rachel Marcus for valuable Development (DFID). The views expressed and information comments, Katie Parry for the MSSM coding, Gabbi Gray contained within are not necessarily those of or endorsed and Alexandra Vaughan for administrative support, Aaron by DFID, which accepts no responsibility for such views or Griffiths for copy editing and Jojoh Faal for formatting. information or for any reliance placed on them. Table of Contents Acronyms ............................................................................................................................................ i Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................... iii Report objectives .............................................................................................................................. iii Methodology .................................................................................................................................... iii State of the intervention evidence base on adolescent girls in Ethiopia ............................................ iii Key findings ...................................................................................................................................... iii Key evidence gaps.............................................................................................................................. v 1. Introduction ...............................................................................................................................1 1.1 Methodology and overview of the literature ..........................................................................1 1.2 Limitations .............................................................................................................................2 2. Voice and agency interventions .................................................................................................3 2.1 Overview of the evidence .......................................................................................................3 2.2 Girls’ clubs ..............................................................................................................................3 2.3 Youth clubs ............................................................................................................................5 2.4 Community conversations ......................................................................................................6 2.5 Media interventions ...............................................................................................................7 2.6 Assessment of the evidence and key gaps ..............................................................................7 3. Bodily autonomy, integrity and freedom from violence interventions ......................................9 3.1 Overview of the evidence .......................................................................................................9 3.2 Interventions tackling child marriage......................................................................................9 3.3 Interventions tackling FGM/C ...............................................................................................12 3.4 Interventions addressing violence against girls .....................................................................13 3.5 Assessment of the evidence and key gaps ............................................................................14 4. Psychosocial wellbeing interventions.......................................................................................16 4.1 Overview of the evidence .....................................................................................................16 4.2 Interventions with psychosocial support components and outcomes ...................................16 4.3 Assessment of the evidence and key gaps ............................................................................18 5. Education and learning interventions ......................................................................................19 5.1 Overview of the evidence .....................................................................................................19 5.2 Education and learning interventions ...................................................................................20 5.3 Multi-component programmes with education interventions ..............................................22 5.4 School feeding and social protection interventions ..............................................................25 5.5 Legal and policy reforms.......................................................................................................26 5.6 Assessment of the evidence and key gaps ............................................................................27 6. Economic empowerment interventions ...................................................................................28 6.1 Overview of the evidence .....................................................................................................28 6.2 Interventions targeting girls and women ..............................................................................28 6.3 Youth economic empowerment interventions .....................................................................30 6.4 Social protection interventions.............................................................................................32 6.5 Legal and policy reforms.......................................................................................................33 6.6 Assessment of the evidence and key gaps ............................................................................34 7. Sexual and reproductive health, health and nutrition interventions .......................................35 7.1 Overview of the evidence .....................................................................................................35 7.2 Interventions providing youth-friendly services ....................................................................35 7.3 Interventions providing sexual and reproductive health knowledge and services .................37 7.4 Interventions combining safe spaces, mentors and SRH .......................................................38 7.5 Media interventions .............................................................................................................40 7.6 School-based interventions ..................................................................................................40 7.7 Interventions with nutritional outcomes ..............................................................................40 7.8 Assessment of the evidence and key gaps ............................................................................41 Conclusions: Key evidence and gaps ...............................................................................................42 References ......................................................................................................................................44 Annex I: Ethiopia Interventions Table .............................................................................................51 Annex II: Methodology .................................................................................................................. 147 Search grids for Google and Google Scholar ................................................................................... 147 Tables Table 1: Thematic distribution of impact studies and evaluations ......................................................1 Table 2: Distribution of MSSM scores.................................................................................................2 Table 3: Main types of evaluated education and learning interventions ...........................................19 Table 4: Main types of evaluated economic empowerment interventions .......................................28 Annex Table 1: Gender and empowerment .................................................................................... 147 Annex Table 2: Education and learning .......................................................................................... 148 Annex Table 3: Economic empowerment ....................................................................................... 149 Annex Table 4: Physical and psychosocial wellbeing ...................................................................... 150 Annex Table 5: Databases and websites searched .......................................................................... 151 Acronyms ABE Alternative Basic Education AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome CBO Community-based organisation CHILD Children in Local Development CIDA Canadian International Development