MTA-MA-06-01 20-82-3 HE »OT-TSC-UMT A-82-20 I 8.5 . A3 7 no. DOT- T SC- ll MTA- 82-20 Transit Bus U S Department of Transportation Manufacturer Profiles Urban Mass Transportation Administration Office of Technical Assistance Prepared by: Office of Bus and Paratransit Transportation Systems Center Systems Energy and Environment Office October 1982 Final Report NOTICE This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The United States Govern- ment assumes no liability for its contents or use thereof. NOTICE The United States Government does not endorse prod- 1 ucts or manufacturers . Trade or manufacturers nambs appear herein solely because they are con- sidered essential to the object of this report. — . •ftz - fi.s Technical Report Documentation Poge W37 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient ! Catalog No. opJSc UMTA-MA-06-0 120- 82-3 ' Hfft 4 . Title and Subtitle 5. Report Dote October 1982 TT rforming Orgonixotion Code TRANSIT BUS MANUFACTURERS’ PROFILES DEPARTMENT ( >C /DTS-63 TRANSPORTA n, Performing Orgonixotion Report No. 7. Author's) - Bruce J. _Weiers, Michael Rossetti JUL 798 DpT-TSC-UMTA-82-20 9. Performing Orgonixotion Nam* ond Address 10. Vork Unit No. (TRAIS) U.S. Department of Transportaton library jm:262/R2657 1 1 ]cTrjControct or Gront No. Research and Special Programs AdministrTrCTOTl- — . Transportation Systems Center Cambridge MA 02142 13. Type of Report ond Period Covered 12. Sponsoring Agency Nome ond Address Final Report U.S. Department of Transportation Urban Mass Transportation Administration March 1981 - March 1982 Office of Technical Assistance Office of Bus and Paratransit Systems Id. Sponsoring Agency Code Washington DC 20590 URT-20 15. Supplementary Notes A companion report, entitled "Entry and Competition in the United States Transit Bus Manufacturing Industry," has been published. Report No. UMTA-MA-06-0 120-2 16. Abstroet The subject document is intended as a reference work on the U.S. Transit Bus Manu- facturing Industry. Terms for classifying buses by use, method of manufacture, size and quality are defined and applied in a discussion of the structure of the industry. The history of the industry since its beginning is related, with a concentration on the period since 1960. The development and "impact of Federal transit policy on the industry is the primary fcOSJ^flTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Twelve actual or potential U.S. bus manufacturers are profiled in detail with in- formation presented on their corporate struct ire J LtjompanjfQg^s to ry, finances and bus product line. The twelve include all U.S. and Canadian producers of standard and articulated transit buses, Volvo, Scania, Renault and Hino . The bus manu- facturing activities of six other companies are alsW^S^^ussed more briefly. 17. Key Words 18. Distribution Stotement Bus, Bus Manufacturing, Transit Equip- DOCUMENT IS AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC 1 L ment, Transit THROUGH THE N AT 1 ON A L TECH N CA INFORMATION SERVICE, SPRINGFIELD, VIRGINIA 22161 19. Security Classif. (of tbit report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21. No. of Pages 22. Price UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 200 Form DOT F 1700.7 (8-72) Reproduction of completed poge outhorized . PREFACE This document was prepared by the Transportation Industry .Analysis Branch, Office of Energy and Environment, of the Trans- portation Systems Center (TSC) It is a result of the Bus and Paratransit Systems Program, which is managed by the Urban Systems Division at TSC and sponsored by the Office of Bus and Paratransit Systems, Urban Mass Transportation Administration. Transit Bus Manufacturer Profiles is intended as a reference work on individual companies, their products, history, facili- ties, and finance. A companion paper, Entry and Competition in the U.S. Transit Bus Manufacturing Industry is, in essence, an analytic paper addressing the apparent trend toward entry into the U.S. transit bus market by new foreign manufacturers. in IV TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page 1. INTRODUCTION 1-1 2. TYPES OF BUSES AND THE STRUCTURE OF THE INDUSTRY.. 2-1 2.1 Use 2-2 2.2 Method of Manufacture 2-4 2.3 Size 2-5 2.4 Quality or Degree of Luxury....- 2-6 2.5 The Transit Bus Manufacturing Industry 2-6 3. HISTORY OF BUS MANUFACTURING 3-1 3.1 Early History 3-1 3.2 The Early Development of Urban Mass Transit Administration (UMTA) 3-3 3.3 The Consent Decree 3-5 3.4 Evolution of the Intercity Bus Manufacturing Industry 3-6 3.5 Growth in UMTA Spending 3-7 3.6 Reaction in the Transit Bus Manufacturing Industry 3-8 3.7 The Advanced Design Bus 3-10 3.8 The Failure of Transbus 3-11 3.9 White Book 3-12 4. MANUFACTURERS’ PROFILE 4-1 4.1 GMC Truck and Coach Division 4-1 4.1.1 Summary 4-1 4.1.2 Corporate Overview 4-1 4.1.3 Company History 4-5 4.1.4 Product Line of Buses 4-8 4.1.5 Reference Sources and Bibliography.... 4-9 4.2 Grumman Flxible Corporation 4-20 4.2.1 Summary 4-20 4.2.2 Corporate Overview 4-20 4.2.3 Company History 4-23 4.2.4 Product Line of Buses 4-26 4.2.5 Reference Sources and Bibliography.... 4-27 4.3 Diesel Division, General Motors of Canada, Limited 4-36 4.3.1 Summary 4-36 4.3.2 Corporate Overview 4-36 v TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Section Page 4.3.3 Company History 4-38 4.3.4 Product Line of Buses 4-39 4.3.5 Reference Sources and Bibliography... 4-40 4.4 Flyer Industries. 4-50 4.4.1 Summary 4-50 4.4.2 Corporate Overview 4-50 4.4.3 Company History 4-51 4.4.4 Product Line of Buses 4-52 4.4.5 Reference Sources and Bibliography... 4-53 4.5 Crown Coach/ 1 karus . 4-60 4.5.1 Summary 4-60 4.5.2 Corporate Overview 4-60 4.5.3 Company History 4-61 4.5.4 Product Line of Buses 4-63 4.5.5 Reference Sources and Bibliography... 4-64 4.6 Gillig Corporation 4-71 4.6.1 Summary 4-71 4.6.2 Corporate Overview 4-71 4.6.3 Company History 4-71 4.6.4 Product Line of Buses.. 4-72 4.6.5 Reference Sources and Bibliography... 4-73 4.7 M.A.N 4-79 4.7.1 Summary 4-79 4.7.2 Corporate Overview 4-79 4.7.3 Company History 4-80 4.7.4 Product Line of Buses... 4-81 4.7.5 Reference Sources and Bibliography... 4-83 4 . 8 Neoplan 4-94 4.8.1 Summary 4-94 4.8.2 Corporate Overview 4-94 4.8.3 Company History 4-95 4.8.4 Product Line of Buses 4-96 4.8.5 Reference Sources and Bibliography... 4-98 4.9 Volvo 4-103 4.9.1 Summary 4-103 4.9.2 Corporate Overview 4-103 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED) Section Page 4.9.3 Company History 4-106 4.9.4 Line of Buses 4-108 4.9.5 Reference Sources and Bibliography... 4-110 4.10 Saab-Scania 4-117 4.10.1 Summary 4-117 4.10.2 Corporate Overview 4-117 4.10.3 Company History •. 4-119 4.10.4 Product Line of Buses 4-120 4.10.5 Reference Sources and Bibliography... 4-122 4.11 Renault 4-128 4.11.1 Summary 4-128 4.11.2 Corporate Overview 4-128 4.11.3 Company History 4-130 4.11.4 Product Line of Buses 4-132 4.11.5 Reference Sources and Bibliography... 4-132 4.12 Hino Motors Ltd 4-138 4.12.1 Summary 4-138 4.12.2 Corporate Overview 4-138 4.12.3 Company History 4-139 4.12.4 Product Line of Buses 4-141 4.12.5 Reference Sources and Bibliography... 4-142 4.13 Other Bus Manufacturers..... 4-149 4.13.1 Daimler-Benz «, 4-149 4.13.2 DeLorean Motor Company.... 4-152 4.13.3 Skillcraft 4-153 4.13.4 TMC/MCI (Greyhound) 4-155 4.13.5 Eagle (Trailways) 4-156 4.13.6 Ontario Bus Industries..... 4-158 Vll LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 2-1.2- REPRESENTATIVE BUSES BY CATEGORY SEGMENT 2-3 3-2-2. RELATIONSHIP OF TRANSIT BUS TO OTHER CATEGORIES OF MOTOR VEHICLES 2-7 4- 3. LOCATION OF TRANSIT AND INTERCIBY BUS ASSEMBLY PLANTS IN NORTH AMERICA 2-14 1. TRENDS IN BUS RIDERSHIP, BUS DELIVERIES AND REAL GASOLINE PRICES, 1940-1980 3-4 1. GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATE STRUCTURE 4-14 4-2. EXTERIOR TRANSIT BUS DIMENSIONS - GMC TRUCK AND COACH DIVISION 4-19 4-3. GRUMMAN CORPORATION CORPORATE STRUCTURE 4-31 4-4. EXTERIOR TRANSIT BUS DIMENSIONS - GRUMMAN FLXIBLE CORPORATION 4-34 4-5. GENERAL MOTORS CORPORATE STRUCTURE 4-43 4-6. EXTERIOR DIMENSIONS, "NEW LOOK" TRANSIT COACH, DIESEL DIVISION, GM OF CANADA 4-47 4-7. EXTERIOR DIMENSIONS, ARTICULATED BUS - DIESEL DIVISION, GM OF CANADA 4-48 4-8. FLYER INDUSTRIES CORPORATE STRUCTURE 4-56 4-9. EXTERIOR TRANSIT BUS DIMENSIONS - FLYER INDUSTRIES 4-59 4-10. EXTERIOR ARTICULATED BUS DIMENSIONS - CROWN/ IKARUS 4-70 4-11. HERRICK CORPORATION CORPORATE STRUCTURE 4-75 4-12. EXTERIOR TRANSIT BUS DIMENSIONS - GILLIG CORPORATION 4-78 4-13. M.A.N. GROUP CORPORATE STRUCTURE 4-87 4-14. EXTERIOR ARTICULATED BUS DIMENSIONS - M.A.N 4-91 4-15. CORPORATE STRUCTURE - VOLVO 4-113 vi ii LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS (CONTINUED) Figure Page 4-16.