Project BR/132/A1/BELBEES - Multidisciplinary assessment of BELgian wild BEE decline to adapt mitigation management policy BELBEES Project Multidisciplinary assessment of BELgian wild BEE decline to adapt mitigation management policy Pierre Rasmont (UMONS) – Jean-Luc Boevé (RBINS) – Dirk de Graaf (UGent) – Nicolas Dendoncker (UNamur) – Marc Dufrêne (ULg, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech) – Guy Smagghe (UGent) Axis 1: Ecosystems, biodiversity and evolution BRAIN-be (Belgian Research Action through Interdisciplinary Networks) 1 Project BR/132/A1/BELBEES - Multidisciplinary assessment of BELgian wild BEE decline to adapt mitigation management policy NETWORK PROJECT BELBEES Project Multidisciplinary assessment of BELgian wild BEE decline to adapt mitigation management policy Contract - BR/132/A1/BELBEES FINAL REPORT PROMOTORS: Prof. Pierre Rasmont (UMONS, Place du parc 20 B-7000 Mons) Dr. Jean-Luc Boevé (Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Rue Vautier 29 B-1000 Bruxelles) Prof. Dirk C. de Graaf (UGent 1, Krijgslaan 281 B-9000 Gent) Prof. Nicolas Dendoncker (UNamur, Rue de Bruxelles 61 B-5000 Namur) Prof. Marc Dufrêne (ULg, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech, Passage des Déportés 2 B-5030 Gembloux) Prof. Guy Smagghe (UGent, Coupure Links 653 B-9000 Gent) BRAIN-be (Belgian Research Action through Interdisciplinary Networks) 2 Project BR/132/A1/BELBEES - Multidisciplinary assessment of BELgian wild BEE decline to adapt mitigation management policy AUTHORS: Rasmont P. (UMONS), Boevé J-L. (RBINS), de Graaf D. C. (UGent), Dendoncker N. (UNamur), Dufrêne M. (ULg, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech), Smagghe G. (UGent), Albrecht J. (Philipps-Universität Marburg), Albrecht M. (Institute for Sustainability Sciences), Ariza D. (UGent), Beil M. (Technische Universität Darmstadt), Benadi G. (University of Freiburg), Biesmeijer J. C. (Naturalis Biodiversity Center, University of Amsterdam), Biesmeijer K. (Naturalis Biodiversity Center), Blüthgen N. (Technische Universität Darmstadt), Böhning-Gaese K. (Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre), Braeckman B.P. (UGent), Brasero N. (UMONS), Bruelheide H. (German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research), Castro L. (I.E.S. Vega del Turia), Cederberg B. (Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences), Claeys T. (UGent), Coppée A. (UMONS), Coppée I. (Société royale belge d'Entomologie), De Meulemeester T. (Naturalis Biodiversity Center), De Schutter K. (UGent), Dehling D. M. (Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre), Dehon L., Dekoninck W. (RBINS), Dellicour S. (ULB), De Smet L. (UGent), Devalez J. (University Hill), Dormann C. F. (University of Freiburg), Drossart M. (UMONS), Dvorak L. (Municipal museum Mariánské Lázně), Exeler N. (University of Osnabrück), Farwig N. (Philipps-Universität Marburg), Fitzpatrick U. (National Biodiversity Data Centre), Folschweiller M. (UMONS), Fournier D. (ULB), Francis F. (ULg, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech), Franzen M. (Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH – UFZ), Fründ J. (University of Guelph), Ganne M. (UGent), Gérard M. (UMONS), Gonseth Y. (Centre Suisse de Cartographie de la Faune), Haubruge E. (ULg, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech), Hamamtzoglou A. (Hellenic Agricultural Organisation ‘DEMETER’), Harpke A. (Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH – UFZ), Hatjina F. (Hellenic Agricultural Organisation ‘DEMETER’), Hickler T. (Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre), Hof C. (Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre), Ioannidis P. (Hellenic Agricultural Organisation ‘DEMETER’), Jacquemart A-L. (Catholic University of Louvain), Jacquemin F. (ULg, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech), Kratochwil A. (University of Osnabrück), Kuhlmann M. (The Natural History Museum of London), Kühn I. (Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research), Lecocq T. (UMONS), Maebe K. (UGent), Mahé G., Manino A. (Università di Torino), Marshall L. (UNamur), Martinet B. (UMONS), Meeus I. (UGent), Michez D. (UMONS), Moerman R. (UMONS, ULB), Mudri-Stojnić S. (University of Novi Sad), Nagy Z.T. (RBINS), Neumayer J. (Norwegian Institute for Nature Research – NINA), Noël G. (RBINS), Ødegaard F. (Norwegian Institute for Nature Research – NINA), Paukkunen J.P.T. (Finnish Museum of Natural History), Pauly A. (RBINS), Pawlikowski T. (Nicolaus Copernicus University), Plein M. (The University of Queensland), Potts S. G. (University of Reading), Radchenko V. G. (Institute for Evolutionary Ecology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine), Rasplus J.-Y. (INRA), Reemer M. (Naturalis Biodiversity Center/European Invertebrate Survey Kenniscentrum Insecten), Roberts S.P.M. (University of Reading), Rollin O. (ULg, Gembloux Agro Bio-Tech), Schleuning M. (Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre), Schoonvaere K. (UGent), Schwabe A. (Technische Universität Darmstadt), Schweiger O. (Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH – UFZ), Settele J. (Helmholtz-Zentrum für Umweltforschung GmbH – UFZ, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research), Smet J. (UMONS), Sonet G. (RBINS), Straka J. (Charles University in Prague), Valterová I. (Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic), Vanderhaegen R. (UGent), Vanderplanck M. (UMONS), Vierstraete A. (UGent), Vereecken N.J. (ULB), Violle C. (French National Centre for Scientific Research), Vray S. (UMONS,UNamur), Vujić A. (University of Novi Sad), Weiner C. N. (Technische Universität Darmstadt), Wiemers M. (Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research–UFZ), Welk E. (Martin Luther University Halle- Wittenberg) Zambra E (UMONS) BRAIN-be (Belgian Research Action through Interdisciplinary Networks) 3 Project BR/132/A1/BELBEES - Multidisciplinary assessment of BELgian wild BEE decline to adapt mitigation management policy Published in 2020 by the Belgian Science Policy Avenue Louise 231 Louizalaan 231 B-1050 Brussels Belgium Tel: +32 (0)2 238 34 11 - Fax: +32 (0)2 230 59 12 http://www.belspo.be http://www.belspo.be/brain-be Contact person: Georges Jamart Tel: +32 (0)2 238 36 90 Neither the Belgian Science Policy nor any person acting on behalf of the Belgian Science Policy is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information. The authors are responsible for the content. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without indicating the reference: Rasmont P., Boevé J-L., de Graaf D., Dendoncker N., Dufrêne M., Smagghe G. and collaborators. BELBEES Project: Multidisciplinary assessment of BELgian wild BEE decline to adapt mitigation management policy. Final Report. Brussels: Belgian Science Policy 2018 – 140 p. (BRAIN-be - Belgian Research Action through Interdisciplinary Networks) BRAIN-be (Belgian Research Action through Interdisciplinary Networks) 4 Project BR/132/A1/BELBEES - Multidisciplinary assessment of BELgian wild BEE decline to adapt mitigation management policy TABLE OF CONTENTS CONTENTS ABSTRACT 8 1. INTRODUCTION 9 2. STATE OF THE ART AND OBJECTIVES 10 3. METHODOLOGY 13 4. SCIENTIFIC RESULTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 13 PART I. SCIENTIFIC RESULTS ............................................................................................................... 13 4.1. WP1. Project coordination 4.1.1. WP1. Task 1. Coordination of wild bee database networking ....................................... 13 4.1.2. WP1. Task 2. Project web site and dissemination of information on Internet ....... 13 4.1.3. WP1. Task 3. Follow up committee ............................................................................................ 13 4.1.4. WP1. Task 4. Periodic and final reports ................................................................................... 14 4.2. WP2. Wild bee data collecting, digitization and distribution analyses ..........................14 4.2.1. WP2. Task 1. Identification and digitization of museum collections ........................... 14 4.2.2. WP2. Task 2. Definition of taxonomical tools and taxonomical validation for the network ........................................................................................................................................................................ 15 4.2.3. WP2. Task 3. Selection of species and locations to have a representative dataset ......................................................................................................................................................................... 16 4.2.4. WP2. Task 4. Collection of old samples (specimens, pollens) .................................... 17 4.2.5. WP2. Task 5. Collection of new samples (specimens, pollens) ................................... 18 4.2.6. WP2. Task 6. Trend analyses and IUCN Red List .............................................................. 24 4.3. WP3. Hypothesis testing .............................................................................................26 4.3.1. WP3. Task 1. Hypothesis 1: Food resource depletion ...................................................... 26 4.3.1.1. WP3. Task 1. Subtask. 3.1.1. Using the information about resource preferences by all possible methods: literature, notes from ancient collection, analysis of pollen loads .............................................................................................................26 4.3.1.2. WP3. Task 1. New subtask. Long-term dynamics of bee-plant interaction networks .....................................................................................................................39