LEBANON 25 Years after PARALLEL Beijing: Women REPORT 2020 Fighting Inequality in Lebanon Report prepared by: Zeina Abdel Khalik Assistant Researcher: Oday Naji Contents Preface .................................................................................................................................................... 2 Executive summary .................................................................................................................................. 3 Historical Overview ................................................................................................................................. 7 Acronyms ................................................................................................................................................ 9 Report overview ..................................................................................................................................... 10 Methodology ......................................................................................................................................... 11 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 13 International Framework ......................................................................................................................... 15 National Laws vs equality ........................................................................................................................ 15 National Machinery and policy framework ............................................................................................. 17 Civil Society in Lebanon ........................................................................................................................... 18 Lebanese state and Women .................................................................................................................... 20 Progress achieved across the 6 thematic areas ....................................................................................... 22 Inclusive development, shared prosperity and decent work .................................................................... 22 Poverty eradication, social protection and social services ....................................................................... 30 Freedom from violence, stigma and stereotypes ..................................................................................... 39 Participation, accountability and gender-responsive institutions ............................................................ 51 Peaceful and inclusive societies ............................................................................................................... 62 Environmental conservation, protection and rehabilitation .................................................................... 64 Women facing multiple forms of discrimination ...................................................................................... 67 LGBTQI ..................................................................................................................................................... 67 Women refugees ..................................................................................................................................... 69 Women with disabilities .......................................................................................................................... 71 Rural Women .......................................................................................................................................... 76 Women in prison ..................................................................................................................................... 78 Migrant Domestic Workers ..................................................................................................................... 80 Data and statistics ................................................................................................................................. 83 The Way Forward .................................................................................................................................. 84 1 Preface When preparations started for the write-up of the Beijing + 25 parallel report, we were totally oblivious of a possible series of unfortunate events that would befall us all, notably a full fledged economic breakdown, a global pandemic and, a criminal explosion at the heart of our beloved capital, Beirut. The combined effects of all these calamities further exacerbated existing inequalities and various forms of gender oppression which are reproduced by legal frameworks, social institutions, as well as by social practices and mindsets. Notwithstanding the trying context, the NGOs consultation process and the thorough research needed to develop the report was pursued and completed leading to the write-up and dissemination of the Lebanon Beijing + 25 Parallel Report. We are indebted to all the colleagues in sister women's rights organisations as well as scholars and activists who shared their time, information and knowledge generously so as to produce a high-quality document. The report clearly shows that in terms of gender equality, we are not there yet and Lebanon has a long way to go which requires dedication, change and serious reforms in the letter of the law as well as at the level of social gender norms and practices. We hope that this report will serve as a useful tool to support a process of gender transformation in Lebanon and beyond. I take this opportunity to thank the research team, Zeina Abdel Khalek and Oday Naji, for their impeccable, dedicated and impressive work! Thanks and gratitude go to Rachel Dore-Weeks and the UNWomen team in Lebanon for supporting this work in more ways than one and in seeking to amplify feminist voices in the Beijing + 25 process. Finally, I will take this opportunity to note that this report is coming out at a time when the Collective for Research and Training on Development-Action is celebrating its 20th anniversary! A very pertinent confluence of dates given that the creation of CRTD.A some 20 years ago was influenced, inspired and shaped by the UN IVth Conference on Women (Beijing, September 1995). This is a commitment on our part to continue the feminist struggle.... In sisterhood, Lina Abou-Habib 2 Executive summary Beijing + 25 Lebanon has institutionalized the distribution of Twenty-five years after Beijing Declaration & the political power across the different state Platform for Action, the most comprehensive structures proportionately among the 18 global agenda for girls and women in all areas of religious communities according to their life; Women are at the forefront of the fight for demographic weight and geographic rights, and the promises were not kept, but distribution. The resulting sectarian system violated. Despite some progress, real change bears within it many elements that effectively has been slow and to date, not a single country constitute barriers to gender equality. has achieved gender equality. Lebanon ratified CEDAW in 1997. Lebanon The Generation Equality Forum is a civil society- maintains reservations to Article 9(2) (equal led, global gathering for gender equality which rights with respect to nationality of children), will bring actors together, especially young Article 16(1)(c), (d), (f), and (g) (equality in people, to chart forward a fresh and bold marriage and family relations), and Article 29(1) feminist agenda. (administration of the Convention and The selected themes of the Generation Equality arbitration in the event of a dispute). Action Coalitions are1: Gender-Based Violence, Economic justice and rights, Bodily autonomy Lebanese Women Status Quo and sexual and reproductive health and rights The Lebanese women status quo has always (SRHR), Feminist action for climate justice, been highly two-edged: on the one hand, a wide Technology, and innovation for Gender Equality, emancipation of women, schooling on footing and Feminist movements and leadership with men, active participation in the various fields of social and cultural life and on the other Introduction hand, a great discrimination in the family codes, This report presents Lebanon’s civil society under-representation in the economic life and a parallel report for Beijing +25 Conference. Given striking backwardness in political participation. the pluralistic nature of Lebanon that is While Lebanon boasts some of the best gender projected in the dynamics of the civil society and statistics in health and education in the Arab in view of UN Women’s commitment to region, not to mention the degree of social participation and inclusivity, a parallel report is mobility for women that exist in the country, it is vital to give the key insights of civil society also home to some of the worst rates of gender organizations working on the ground to equality in areas of political representation and complement, validate, and contradict where leadership, and is among the countries which necessary the report submitted by the have enacted the fewest changes to government. discriminatory laws governing personal status and citizenship. Lebanese State and Women The Lebanese Constitution states that Personal Status Laws all Lebanese are equal before the law and Women in Lebanon continue to suffer equally enjoy civil and political rights. The discrimination under 15 Lebanese personal Lebanese Constitution