DRAFT MASTER PLAN PREPARATION OF MASTER PLAN FOR VARKALA T a b l e o f C o n t e n t s L I S T O F T A B L E S v L I S T O F M A P S v i L I S T O F F I G U R E S v i i A B B R E V I A T I O N S v i i i E X E C U T I V E S U M M A R Y x 1 1 C H A P T E R : I N T R O D U C T I O N 1 . 1 P R O J E C T B A C K G R O U N D 2 1 . 2 P R O J E C T A R E A P R O F I L E 2 1 . 3 3 S T U D Y A P P R O A C H 2 C H A P T E R : V A R K A L A - A C IT Y P R O F I L E 4 . 1 2 I N T R O D U C T I O N 5 . 2 2 H I S T O R Y O F V A R K A L A 6 . 3 2 P H Y S I O G R A P H Y 6 . 2 4 L O C A T I O N A N D C O N N E C T IV I T Y 7 . 2 5 A R E A A N D A D M I N I S T R A T IV E U N I T S 7 . 2 6 D E M O G R A P H I C P R O F I L E O F T H E P R O J E C T A R E A 8 . 1 0 2 7 P H Y S I C A L A N D S O C I A L I N F R A S T R U C T U R E 3 1 3 C H A P T E R : E V A L U A T I O N O F T H E E X I S T I N G S IT U A T I O N 3 . 1 1 O U R I S T S I N K E R A L A A N D V A R K A L A 4 T 3.1.1 Foreign Tourist Arrivals (FTAs) in Kerala ................................................................................... 14 3.1.2 Domestic Tourist Arrivals (DTAs) in Kerala ............................................................................... 15 3.1.3 Earnings from Tourism Industry ............................................................................................... 16 3.1.4 Share of Varkala in the Arrivals of Foreign Tourists in the District ........................................... 17 3.1.5 Share of Varkala in the Arrivals of Domestic Tourists in the District ........................................ 17 3 . 1 T O U R I S M S U R V E Y 8 2 3.2.1 Accommodation Unit Survey .................................................................................................... 18 IT E S L t d . R i DRAFT MASTER PLAN PREPARATION OF MASTER PLAN FOR VARKALA 3.2.2 Non-Accommodation Unit Survey ............................................................................................ 21 3.2.3 Tourist Volume Count Survey ................................................................................................... 22 3 . 3 3 R A F F I C A N D T R A N S P O R T C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S 2 T 3.3.1 Road Network in the Project Area ............................................................................................ 24 3.3.2 Traffic and Travel Characteristics .............................................................................................. 25 3.3.3 Regional Traffic ......................................................................................................................... 27 3.3.4 Travel Characteristics ................................................................................................................ 29 3.3.5 Inter and Intra City Public Transport System ............................................................................ 30 3 1 4 C H A P T E R : P O P U L A T I O N P R O J E C T I O N S . 1 3 P O P U L A T I O N P R O J E C T I O N S 2 4 4.1.1 Population Estimates ................................................................................................................ 32 4.1.2 Scenario-1: Existing Decadal Growth Rate................................................................................ 32 4.1.3 Scenario-2: Moderate Decadal Growth Rate ............................................................................ 32 4.1.4 Scenario-3: Optimistic Decadal Growth Rate ........................................................................... 33 4.1.5 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................. 33 3 5 C H A P T E R : T O U R I S M D E M A N D A S S E S S M E N T 4 . 1 3 5 S T U D Y M E T H O D O L O G Y F O R T O U R I S M A S S E S S M E N T 5 . 3 5 2 E X I S T I N G T O U R I S T A R R I V A L , G R O W T H T R E N D S A N D F U T U R E P R O J E C T I O N S 6 . 3 0 5 R O O M D E M A N D A S S E S S M E N T 4 . 0 5 4 E M P L O Y M E N T P R O J E C T I O N S 4 6 C H A P T E R : E X I S T I N G L A N D U S E 4 2 . 1 3 6 I N T R O D U C T I O N 4 . 3 6 2 P R E P A R A T I O N O F B A S E M A P A N D E X I S T I N G L A N D U S E M A P 4 7 C H A P T E R : E M E R G I N G C O N C E R N S A N D C H A L L E N G E S 4 6 . 1 7 E M E R G I N G I S S U E S 4 7 . 2 E N V I R O N M E N T A L I S S U E S 4 7 7 7.2.1 Cliff Erosion and Protective Measures ...................................................................................... 47 . 3 7 E C O N O M I C I S S U E S 4 7 . 7 4 S O C I O - C U L T U R A L I S S U E S 4 8 . 5 O T H E R I S S U E S 4 8 7 7.5.1 Issues related to Traffic and Transportation ............................................................................ 48 7.5.2 Over Exploitation of Natural Resources .................................................................................... 49 IT E S L t d . R ii DRAFT MASTER PLAN PREPARATION OF MASTER PLAN FOR VARKALA 0 8 C H A P T E R : P L A N N I N G P R O P O S A L S 5 . 1 1 8 V I S I O N 5 . 1 8 2 M I S S I O N 5 . 3 1 8 O N A T I O N O F T H E P R O J E C T A R E A 5 Z . 4 P L A N N I N G P R I N C I P L E S 5 2 8 8.4.1 Multinucleated Approach ......................................................................................................... 52 8.4.2 Decentralized Development ..................................................................................................... 52 8.4.3 Low-Rise and Low-Density Developments ................................................................................ 52 8.4.4 Promotion of Public-Private Partnerships ................................................................................ 52 8.4.5 Local People’s Participation ...................................................................................................... 52 8.4.6 Promotion of Home Stay .......................................................................................................... 53 . 8 5 P R O P O S E D L A N D U S E S I N T H E P R O J E C T A R E A 5 4 . 6 P R O P O S E D T R A F F I C A N D T R A N S P O R T A T I O N N E T W O R K 5 5 8 8.6.1 Proposed Road Network ........................................................................................................... 55 8.6.2 Proposed Traffic and Transportation Infrastructure ................................................................ 58 8.6.3 Street Furniture ........................................................................................................................ 61 8.6.4 Public Transport ........................................................................................................................ 61 9 C H A P T E R : A S S E S S M E N T O F P H Y S I C A L A N D S O C I A L I N F R A S T R U C T U R E A N D P L A N N I N G N O R M S 3 A D O P T E D 6 9 . 1 H Y S I C A L I N F R A S T R U C T U R E 6 4 P 9.1.1 Water Supply ............................................................................................................................ 64 9.1.2 Solid Waste Management ......................................................................................................... 65 9.1.3 Sewerage................................................................................................................................... 66 9.1.4 Power Supply ............................................................................................................................ 66 9 . S O C I A L I N F R A S T R U C T U R E 6 7 2 9.2.1 Education Facility ...................................................................................................................... 67 9.2.2 Health Facility ..........................................................................................................................