SITUATION ABOUT REGISTRATION AND APPLICATION OF NEEMAZAL-T/S IN SWITZERLAND 1998 3 Markus Zuber 3 EXPERIMENTS WITH AZADIRACHTIN TO REDUCE THE COMMON COCKCHAFER (MELOLONTHA MELOLONTHA L.) AND SOME LEAF-EATING INSECTS FROM THE ORDER LEPIDOPTERA 6 Henryk Malinowski x), Danuta Woreta x), Jacek Stocki xx) 6 FIELD INVESTIGATIONS ON THE EFFECT OF NEEMAZAL-T/S (3 L/HA) ON THE GRAPE LEAFHOPPER EMPOASCA VITIS (GOETHE) IN VITICULTURE 12 Karl-Josef Schirra, Friedrich Louis 12 WEITERE ERGEBNISSE BEIM EINSATZ VON NEEMAZAL-T/S GEGEN EICHENPROZESSIONSSPINNER (THAUMETOPOEA PROCESSIONEA LINNE) IM LAND BRANDENBURG 17 M. Lehmann, A. Fieguth; Pflanzenschutzdienst beim Landesamt für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Flurneuordnung, Frankfurt (Oder) 17 LABORATORY TRIALS WITH NEEMAZAL-T/S ON THE ALLERGENIC FOREST PEST THAUMETOPOEA PROCESSIONEA (L.) 21 M. Breuer & A. De Loof 21 NEEMAZAL-T/S ANWENDUNG ZUR BEKÄMPFUNG DER APFELBAUMGESPINSTMOTTE (YPONOMEUTA MALINELLUS ZELL.) 29 M. Lehmann, E. Bartelt; Pflanzenschutzdienst beim Landesamt für Ernährung, Landwirtschaft und Flurneuordnung, Frankfurt (Oder) 29 DIE WIRKUNG VON NEEMAZAL-T/S AUF DEN FORTPFLANZUNGSFRAß DES GROßEN BRAUNEN RÜSSELKÄFERS (HYLOBIUS ABIETIS L.) 33 Anne Luik 33 THE EFFECT OF NEEMAZAL-T/S ON THE MORTALITY OF MITE TETRANYCHUS URTICAE KOCH AND SOME INSECTS - APHIS GOSSYPII GLOV. AND THRIPS TABACI LIND. 38 DIE WIRKUNG VON NEEMAZAL-T/S AUF DIE STERBLICHKEIT DER MILBE TETRANYCHUS URTICAE KOCH UND EINIGER INSEKTEN - APHIS GOSSYPII GLOV. UND THRIPS TABACI LIND. 38 Külli Hiiesaar, Anne Luik, Aare Kuusik and Luule Metspalu 38 STANDARDISATION OF ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR NEEM BASED PRODUCTS - LATEST DEVELOPMENTS 43 Peter Förster 43 1 RISK ESTIMATION OF MOULD GROWTH IN NEEMAZAL AND ITS FORMULATION 50 Christine Kliche-Spory, Hubertus Kleeberg 50 ENVIRONMENTAL BEHAVIOUR AND AQUATIC ECOTOXICITY OF AZADIRACHTINA 58 Luc Pussemier 58 AUSWIRKUNGEN VON NEEMAZAL-T/S AUF DIE BRUT VON HONIGBIENENVÖLKERN (APIS MELLIFERA CARNICA L., HYMENOPTERA, APIDAE). ERGEBNISSE EINES HALBFREILANDVERSUCHES. 64 Boris Leymann (1), Werner Mühlen (2), Alois Edelmann (1) 64 NEEM ACTIVITY AGAINST MICROORGANISMS: AZADIRACHTIN A IN BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL AGAR DIFFUSION TESTS 71 Detlef F. Hein & Hans E. Hummel 71 Martin Weidenbörner 71 PHYTOTOXICITY OF NEEM TERPENOIDS TOWARDS ARABDOPSIS THALIANA. 76 Hilde Bettum, Peter J. Dominy and Robin H. C. Strang 76 USE OF PMR SPECTRAL DATA IN QUALITY CONTROL OF NEEM PESTICIDES 81 Koteppa Pari, C. Devakumar 81 EFFECTIVENESS OF SOME EXTRACTS OF NATURAL PRODUCTS IN CONTROLLING PATHOGENIC SOIL-BORNE FUNGI 99 Dr. P. Chintea1, A. Buliga, Mariana Mihăilă2, Dr. Maria Oprea3 99 EINSATZ VON PHEROMON-FALLEN FÜR DIE ERBSENWICKLERÜBERWACHUNG 1996 - 1997 119 Klose E. 119 PHYLLONORYCTER-PHEROMONES IN PYRACANTHA-COCCINEA-CULTURE - TESTING MONITORING, INDIRECT DETERMINATION AND CONTROL OF LEAFMINERS ON PYRACANTH 122 Manfred Lehmann 122 THE USE OF PHEROMONES AND PHEROMONE TRAPS IN FOREST PROTECTION IN POLAND IN THE YEARS 1980-1997 128 Jacek Stanislav STOCKI 128 POSSIBLE USE OF PHEROMONE TRAPS FOR POPULATION DENSITY MONITORING OF OAK ROLLERS (TORTRIX VIRIDANA L. AND ALEIMMA LOEFLINGIANA L.). 134 Marek Turcani 134 2 SITUATION ABOUT REGISTRATION AND APPLICATION OF NEEMAZAL-T/S IN SWITZERLAND 1998 MARKUS ZUBER Andermatt BIOCONTROL AG, CH-6146 Grossdietwil Abstract NeemAzal-T has been registered provisionally in Switzerland in 1995 for the use against the rosy apple aphid Dysaphis plantaginea. One year later the registration was changed to NeemAzal-T/S. The very good efficacy against the rosy apple aphid was a big relief for organic apple growers. Based on the good results against aphids in greenhouses NeemAzal-T/S could also be registered on ornamental plants in 1998. Open questions about possible toxic effects now threaten the continuation of the registration after 1998. The circumstances as well as some field experiences are discussed. Registration Based on the good results obtained with NeemAzal-T + rape seed oil against the rosy apple aphid Dysaphis plantaginea in Switzerland and in Germany (Schulz et al., 1994) NeemAzal-T was registered for large scale field trials in 1995. Parallel to the successful introduction of NeemAzal-T into organic fruit growing NeemAzal-T/S was tested as well. As a consequence of the good results with Neem- Azal-T and NeemAzal-T/S the latter was registered provisionally in 1996. In 1997 Andermatt BIOCONTROL AG also applied for a registration against aphids, sciarids, leafminers and whiteflies in ornamentals and vegetable crops. Thanks to the good results against some aphid species NeemAzal-T/S was also registered against aphids on ornamentals in early 98. In the same time the federal office for public health (BAG) claimed that NeemAzal-T/S or Azadirachtin could possibly cause cancer. This risk estimation was mainly based on the study by Rosenkrantz & Klopman (1995) which assumed Azadirachtin to be carcinogenic according to its molecular structure. Andermatt BIOCONTROL AG is optimistic that together with the new toxicological studies carried out by E.I.D. Parry (the producing company of the raw extract) the theory about carcinogenic effects of Azadirachtin can be denied. Experiences form practice In Switzerland there is a total surface of apple orchards of about 7500 ha. Organic apple orchards covered a surface of about 100 ha in 1997. In 1995 about 30 ha of organic orchards were treated with NeemAzal-T + rape seed oil - with very good success. In 1996 already about 100 ha were treated with NeemAzal-T/S. With the amount of 3-4 l/ha the effect was very good as well. In 1997 we can expect that more than 2/3 of 300 ha treated with NeemAzal-T/S were IPM orchards. In most of the Practice Oriented Results on Use and Production of Neem Ingredients and Pheromones VIII 3 H. Kleeberg & C. P. W. Zebitz (eds.) Copyright 2000 by Druck & Graphic, Giessen cases the results were convincing. There were however some problems in the south- western part of Switzerland, in the Valais. The climatic conditions were very favourable to the rosy apple aphid quite early in spring. The treatments were carried out very early as well. This lead to the fact that during the application there was not enough foliage for taking up the active ingredient. Moreover the efficacy lasted not long enough to prevent a mass outbreak in the end of May. As a result it will be important to test the splitting model which has been tested by Kienzle et al. in 1997 (personal communication) with one treatment in the red bud stage and a later treatment after blossoming. Several field trials were carried out in 1997. The following table gives a short overview without going into details. Many of the results will be checked again within the next few years. target insect crop effect Psylla sp. pear ++ Anthonomus pomorum apples - Leptinotarsa decemlineata potatoes +/- Sciarids ornamentals + Leafhoppers medical plants ++ 4 Open questions As already reported in earlier workshops NeemAzal-T/S causes strong phytotoxic effect on many varieties of pears. Moreover strong phytotoxic effects occurred when NeemAzal-T/S was applied on the apple variety Gala in Mid-June. Growth depression was found when applying NeemAzal-T/S to begonia cuttings. Phytotoxic or at least early ageing symptoms could be detected on grape leaves after several applications with Fu-3, a by-product form the extraction of NeemAzal. In respect to the registration for NeemAzal-T/S on ornamental plants, more should be known about susceptibility or tolerance of plants against NeemAzal-compounds. For IPM farming more must be known about miscibility problems of NeemAzal-T/S with conventional fungicides. Conclusion NeemAzal-T/S is a very important tool for biological control of different pest insects. Although its efficacy is comparable to the one of conventional insecticides the relatively high price will have a big influence on the acceptance in the IPM market. Studies on miscibility, residues and possible negative side effects (toxicology, phytotoxicity) will be necessary for a successful use in the future in integrated pest management. Literature Rosenkrantz, H.S. & Klopman, G., 1995: An examination of the potential ”genotoxic” carcinogenity of a biopesticide derived from the Neem tree. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis 26: 255-260. Schulz, Ch. & Kienzle, J., 1996: Effects of different NeemAzal formulations on Dysaphis plantaginea. Proceedings of the 4th workshop ”Neem ingredients and pheromones”. 45-49. 5 EXPERIMENTS WITH AZADIRACHTIN TO REDUCE THE COMMON COCKCHAFER (MELOLONTHA MELOLONTHA L.) AND SOME LEAF-EATING INSECTS FROM THE ORDER LEPIDOPTERA X) X) XX) HENRYK MALINOWSKI , DANUTA WORETA , JACEK STOCKI x) Forest Research Institute, Bitwy Warszawskiej 1920r. nr. 3, 00 - 973 Warsaw, Poland xx) General Directorate of State Forests, Wawelska 52/54, 00 - 922 Warsaw, Poland Abstract The effect of Azadirachtin (as 10 g/l EC NeemAzal-T/S, Trifolio M-GMBH) on the production of eggs by common cockchafer (Melolontha melolontha L.) females and on the mortality of the nun moth (Lymantria monacha L.), pine (spinner) moth (Dendrolimus pini L.) and pine looper (Bupalus piniarius L.) larvae under laboratory conditions was studied. 80 - 90% of the common cockchafer females fed during 14 days with oak (Quercus robur L.) leaves treated with Azadirachtin at a concentration of 0.03% were not able to produce eggs. Feeding inhibition and decreased vitality were also observed. The preliminary studies showed that the concentration of Azadirachtin giving minimum 90% mortality of above mentioned species of Lepidoptera larvae can be established on the level of 0.025%. The experiments will be continued in order to obtain more detail information on the effect of Azadirachtin on Lepidoptera larvae. 1. Introduction Introduction of insecticides characterised by novel modes of action and by good environmental properties to forest protection is desirable. The products from the neem tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) have a number of properties useful for insect control (repellency, feeding and oviposition deterrence, insect growth regulator) and are considered as safe for the environment (low mammalian toxicity, low persistence) (Koul et al. 1990; Schmutterer 1990).