Philippine Institute for Development Studies Fruits Program Area Research Planning and Prioritization: Background Analysis Isabelita M. Pabuayon DISCUSSION PAPER SERIES NO. 2000-18 The PIDS Discussion Paper Series constitutes studies that are preliminary and subject to further revisions. They are be- ing circulated in a limited number of cop- ies only for purposes of soliciting com- ments and suggestions for further refine- ments. The studies under the Series are unedited and unreviewed. The views and opinions expressed are those of the author(s) and do not neces- sarily reflect those of the Institute. Not for quotation without permission from the author(s) and the Institute. May 2000 For comments, suggestions or further inquiries please contact: The Research Information Staff, Philippine Institute for Development Studies 3rd Floor, NEDA sa Makati Building, 106 Amorsolo Street, Legaspi Village, Makati City, Philippines Tel Nos: 8924059 and 8935705; Fax No: 8939589; E-mail: [email protected] Or visit our website at http://www.pids.gov.ph FRUITS PROGRAM AREA RESEARCH PLANNING AND PRIORITIZATION: BACKGROUND ANALYSIS A Draft Report Submitted to the Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS) June 30, 1999 Isabelita M. Pabuayon Consultant 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1. Background 1 2. Objectives 1 3. Industry Profile 2 3.1 Contributions to Agricultural Production, GVA and Exports 2 3.1.1 Banana 3 3.1.2 Pineapple 3 3.1.3 Mango 3 3.1.4 Citrus 4 3.1.5 Papaya 4 3.1.6 Durian 4 3.1.7 Other Fruits 4 3.2 Domestic Production: National and Regional 4 National: 3.2.1 Harvest Area 5 3.2.2 Yield 5 3.2.3 Volume and Value of Production 6 Regional: 3.2.4 Harvest Area 6 3.2.5 Yield 7 3.2.6 Production Volume 8 3.3 Domestic Consumption 8 3.4 External Trade 9 3.4.1 Volume and Value of Exports 10 3.4.2 Export Markets 12 3.4.3 Volume and Value of Imports 14 3.5 World Production and Trade 14 3.6 Market Potentials and Strengths of the Fruits Industry 15 3.7 Constraints/Problems Affecting the Industry 17 4. Status of Fruits R&D 20 4.1 Profile of the National Research System for Fruits 20 4.2 Review of Past Researches 22 4.2.1 Past Researches by Research Area, Agency and Budget 23 4.2.2 Research Budget Relative to GVA 27 4.2.3 Technologies Generated 28 4.2.4 Extent of Technology Adoption 30 4.2.5 Consequences of Adoption 31 4.2.6 Constraints to Technology Adoption 33 4.3 Current RDE Priorities 35 5. Strengths and Weaknesses of RDE Institutional Structure 37 5.1 RDE Institutions, Complementation and Networking 37 5.2 Weaknesses of the RDE System 39 6. Summary of Findings 42 7. Conclusions and Recommendations 48 2 8. References 51 LIST OF TABLES 1 Relative importance of fruits in agricultural production value, volume, harvest area, GVA, and export value, Philippines, 1993-1997. 2 Harvest area, production volume and value and yield of fruit crops, Philippines, 1990-1998. 3 Top five regions and their shares in fruit crops harvest area, production, and yield, Philippines, 1997. 4a Banana production by variety and region, Philippines, 1997 (metric tons). 4b Mango production by variety and region, Philippines, 1997 (metric tons). 5 Mean one-day fruit consumption by survey year, income level, meal planner’s education, household size and urbanization, Philippines. 6 Mean one-day per capita fruit consumption by region, Philippines, 1993. 7a Quantity of fruit exports and imports, Philippines, 1994-1998. 7b Value of exports and imports, Philippines, 1994-1998. 8a Quantity of banana exports, Philippines, 1994-1998. 8b Value of banana exports, Philippines, 1994-1998. 9a Quantity of pineapple exports, Philippines, 1994-1998. 9b Value of pineapple exports, Philippines, 1994-1998. 10a Quantity of mango exports, Philippines, 1994-1998. 10b Value of mango exports, Philippines, 1994-1998. 11a Quantity of papaya exports, Philippines, 1994-1998. 11b Value of papaya exports, Philippines, 1994-1998. 12a Quantity of citrus exports, Philippines, 1994-1998. 12b Value of citrus exports, Philippines, 1994-1998. 13a Quantity of selected fruit exports, Philippines, 1994-1998. 13b Value of selected fruit exports, Philippines, 1994-1998. 14 Number of markets and quantity shares of major markets of Philippine fruit exports, 1994 and 1998. 15 Number of markets and quantity shares of major markets of Philippine citrus and other fruit exports, 1994 and 1998. 16a Quantity of imports of fresh fruits, Philippines, 1994-1998. 16b Value of imports of fresh fruits, Philippines, 1994-1998. 17a Quantity of imports of dried fruits, Philippines, 1994-1998. 17b Value of imports of dried fruits, Philippines, 1994-1998. 18a Quantity of imports of preserved fruits and fruit preparations, Philippines, 1994-1998. 18b Value of imports of preserved fruits and fruit preparations, Philippines, 1994-1998. 19a Quantity of imports of fruit juices, Philippines, 1994-1998. 19b Value of imports of fruit juices, Philippines, 1994-1998. 20 World volume of production of selected fruits, 1995-1997. 21 World’s top five producers of selected fruits, 1997. 22a World volume of export and import of selected fruits, 1994-1996. 3 22b World value of export and import of selected fruits, 1994-1996. 23 World’s top five exporters of selected fruits, 1996. 24 World’s top five importers of selected fruits, 1996. 25 Problems/constraints/weaknesses of the fruits industry. 26 The regional R&D consortia, their base agencies, inception date, membership and flagship commodities. 27 BAR-organized RDE network program and sub-programs areas and membership, as of June 1999. 28 Number of researches and budgetary allocation by fruit crop. 29 Research, development and extension projects by fruit crop (based on 1996 work and financial plans). 30 Number of researches and budgetary allocations by agency and SCU. 31 Study duration of fruit researches. 32 Number and budget of completed and on-going researches undertaken at UPLB. 33 Number and budget of researches on fruits undertaken at UPLB by department/institute, 1980-2004. 34 Number of completed and on-going researches on fruits undertaken at UPLB by R&D area, 1980-2004. 35 Budget of completed and on-going researches on fruits undertaken at UPLB by R&D area, 1980-2004. 36 DA-BAR programs/projects under different fund sources. 37 Agriculture biotechnology R&D, CY 1998-2000. 38 Research intensity ratios (in percent) by fruit crop. 39 Publications/published materials by fruit crop. 40 Technologies generated for the different fruit crops. 41 Fruit varieties released by the Philippine Seed Board. 42 Extent of adoption of production and postproduction technologies on fruits. 43 Capability of selected R&D centers engaged in fruits R&D, 1991-1995. 44 Performance of selected R&D centers engaged in fruits R&D, 1991-1995. LIST OF FIGURES 1. Production volume and harvest area shares, 1997 2. GVA and export shares, 1997 3. Harvest area (‘000 ha), 1990-1998 4. Yield per unit area (tons/ha), 1990-1998 5. Production volume (‘000 tons), 1990-1998 6. Export and import value shares, 1998 7. Export value and import value, 1994-1998 8. Export value shares (1998) by form: banana and pineapple 9. Export value shares (1998) by form: mango 10. Export value shares (1998) by form: papaya and citrus 4 LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES 1a Production value and volume, harvest area and yield of banana, mango and pineapple, Philippines, 1990-1998. 1b Production value and volume, harvest area and yield of citrus, durian, papaya, other fruits, and all fruits, Philippines, 1990-1997. 1c Production value and volume, harvest area and yield of citrus by type, Philippines, 1990-1997. 2a Regional production, area and yield of pineapple, banana, mango, durian and papaya, Philippines, 1990. 2b Regional production, area and yield of citrus, Philippines, 1990. 3a Regional production, area and yield of pineapple, banana, mango, durian and papaya, Philippines, 1997. 3b Regional production, area and yield of citrus, Philippines, 1997. 4a Quantity of exports of Philippine bananas (fresh) by country of destination, 1994-1998. 4b Value of exports of Philippine bananas (fresh) by country of destination, 1994-1998. 5a Quantity of exports of Philippine bananas (chips/crackers) by country of destination, 1994-1998. 5b Value of exports of Philippine bananas (chips/crackers) by country of destination, 1994-1998. 6a Quantity of exports of Philippine pineapple (fresh) by country of destination, 1994-1998. 6b Value of exports of Philippine pineapple (fresh) by country of destination, 1994-1998. 7a Quantity of exports of pineapple (otherwise prepared/preserved, nes, wtr/not contng. sugar/sweetng./spirit), Philippines, 1994-1998. 7b Value of exports of pineapple (otherwise prepared/preserved, nes, wtr/not contng. sugar/sweetng./spirit), Philippines, 1994-1998. 8a Quantity of Philippine pineapple juice concentrates exports by country of destination, 1994-1998. 8b Value of Philippine pineapple juice concentrates exports by country of destination, 1994-1998. 9a Quantity of exports of pineapple juice (other than concentrates), Philippines, 1994-1998. 9b Value of exports of Philippine pineapple juice (other than concentrates), Philippines, 1994-1998. 10a Quantity of exports of Philippine pineapple (dried) by country of destination, 1994-1998. 10b Value of exports of Philippine pineapple (dried) by country of destination, 1994-1998. 11a Quantity of exports of nata de pina, Philippines, 1994-1998. 11b Value of exports of nata de pina, Philippines, 1994-1998. 12a Quantity of exports of mangoes (fresh), Philippines, 1994-1998. 12b Value of exports of mangoes (fresh), Philippines, 1994-1998. 13a Quantity of exports of mangoes (dried), Philippines, 1994-1998. 5 13b Value of exports of mangoes (dried), Philippines, 1994-1998. 14a Quantity of exports of mango puree, Philippines, 1994-1998.