Succession of Collembola in the post- mining landscape of Lower Lusatia Von der Fakultät für Umweltwissenschaften und Verfahrenstechnik der Brandenburgischen Technischen Universität Cottbus zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktor der Naturwissenschaften genehmigte Dissertation vorgelegt von Diplom-Ökologe René Krawczynski aus Gehrden (Hannover) Gutachter: Prof. Dr. G. Wiegleb Gutachter: Prof. Dr. B. Nixdorf Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 06.11.2006 “The great tragedy of Science – the slaying of a beautiful hypothesis by an ugly fact.” T. H. Huxley Succession of Collembola in the post-mining landscape of Lower Lusatia Index of contents 1.TU INTRODUCTIONUT ................................................................................................................ 4 2.TU UT RESEARCHTU PROGRAMSUT ............................................................................................. 6 2.1TU Sonderforschungsbereich „Entwicklung und Bewertung gestörter Kulturlandschaften, Fallbeispiel Niederlausitzer Bergbaufolgelandschaft“ (SFB 565)UT ......................................... 6 2.2TU Successional Change and Biodiversity Conservation in a Red Oak Chronosequence (SUBICON)UT ............................................................................................................................ 6 2.3TU Aims and hypothesesUT ........................................................................................................ 7 3.TU MATERIALS AND METHODSUT......................................................................................... 8 3.1TU Study areaUT ......................................................................................................................... 8 3.2TU Systematic of site-namesUT ................................................................................................ 10 3.3TU Mining areasUT ................................................................................................................... 11 3.3.1TU Cottbus-NordUT ........................................................................................................... 11 3.3.2TU Schlabendorfer FelderUT............................................................................................. 12 3.3.3TU DomsdorfUT ................................................................................................................. 15 3.3.4TU PlessaUT ...................................................................................................................... 16 3.3.5TU KoyneUT ....................................................................................................................... 17 3.4TU Reference site AltsorgefeldUT ......................................................................................... 18 3.5TU ClimateUT ........................................................................................................................... 19 3.5.1TU TemperatureUT ............................................................................................................ 19 3.5.2TU PrecipitationUT ............................................................................................................ 20 3.6TU ChronosequencesUT ............................................................................................................ 20 3.7TU SamplingUT......................................................................................................................... 21 3.7.1TU Sampling designUT ...................................................................................................... 21 3.7.2TU Extraction of CollembolaUT ........................................................................................ 22 3.7.3TU StatisticsUT .................................................................................................................. 23 3.7.4TU Ecological groups of CollembolaUT ............................................................................ 24 3.8TU Soil propertiesUT ................................................................................................................ 26 4.TU RESULTSUT ............................................................................................................................ 27 4.1TU Soil parametersUT ............................................................................................................... 27 4.1.1TU Chronosequence 1: Afforested sitesUT ........................................................................ 27 4.1.1.1TU pHUT ................................................................................................................... 27 4.1.1.2TU Organic matter contentUT ................................................................................ 28 4.1.1.3TU ConductivityUT ................................................................................................... 30 4.1.1.4TU Water contentUT ................................................................................................ 31 4.1.1.5TU Water capacityUT .............................................................................................. 32 4.1.1.6TU PhosphateUT ..................................................................................................... 34 4.1.1.7TU AmmoniumUT .................................................................................................... 35 4.1.1.8TU NitrateUT ............................................................................................................. 36 4.1.1.9TU Cluster analysisUT ............................................................................................ 38 4.1.2TU Chronosequence 2: Sites of free successionUT ............................................................ 40 4.1.2.1TU pHUT ................................................................................................................... 40 4.1.2.2TU Organic matter contentUT ................................................................................ 41 4.1.2.3TU ConductivityUT ................................................................................................... 43 4.1.2.4TU Water contentUT ................................................................................................ 44 4.1.2.5TU Water capacityUT .............................................................................................. 46 4.1.2.6TU PhosphateUT ..................................................................................................... 47 2 Succession of Collembola in the post-mining landscape of Lower Lusatia 4.1.2.7TU AmmoniumUT .................................................................................................... 49 4.1.2.8TU NitrateUT ............................................................................................................. 50 4.1.2.9TU Cluster analysisUT ............................................................................................ 52 4.1.3TU Soil parameters and correlationsUT ............................................................................ 54 4.2TU CollembolaUT ..................................................................................................................... 60 4.2.1TU Afforested sitesUT ........................................................................................................ 60 4.2.1.1TU Species composition and dominance scaleUT ............................................. 60 4.2.1.2TU Succession of ecological groupsUT ............................................................... 64 4.2.1.3TU Succession of life formsUT .............................................................................. 78 4.2.1.4TU Succession of speciesUT ................................................................................. 82 4.2.1.4.1TU Succession of epigaeic speciesUT .......................................................... 82 4.2.1.4.2TU Succession of endogaeic speciesUT ...................................................... 84 4.2.1.5TU Cluster analysisUT ............................................................................................ 87 4.2.2TU Sites with free successionUT ............................................................................................ 89 4.2.2.1TU Species composition and dominance scaleUT ............................................. 91 4.2.2.2TU Succession of ecological groupsUT ............................................................... 95 4.2.2.3TU Succession of life formsUT ............................................................................ 101 4.2.2.4TU Succession of speciesUT ............................................................................... 103 4.2.2.4.1TU Succession of epigaeic speciesUT ........................................................ 103 4.2.2.4.2TU Succession of endogaeic speciesUT .................................................... 107 4.2.2.5TU Cluster analysisUT .......................................................................................... 109 5.TU DISCUSSIONUT ................................................................................................................... 111 5.1TU MethodsUT ........................................................................................................................ 111 5.2TU Soil parametersUT ............................................................................................................. 115 5.3TU Succession of ecological groupsUT .................................................................................