Algeria Country Trade Market Research & Industry Analysis Report November 2020 Agenda 01 Country Profile 02 Ease of Doing business 03 Economy ▪ General information ▪ IFC Indicators ▪ Infrastructure ▪ Consumption & income ▪ Economic Indices 04 Trade 05 Risk Assessment ▪ Trade Indicators ▪ Trade with world ▪ Trade with Abu Dhabi ▪ Target Sectors 2 1. COUNTRY PROFILE 3 1.1 GENERAL INFORMATION 4 General information about Algeria ▪ Capital Algiers ▪ Official language Arabic ▪ Population 2019 43,053,054 ▪ Population density 18.41 people per sq km ▪ GDP 2019 US$170.9B ▪ GDP per capita 2019 US$3,970.02 ▪ Income tax 35.0% ▪ Corporate tax 23.0% ▪ Currency Algerian dinar ▪ Exchange rate USD/DZD=119.35 ▪ Time zone UTC +01:00 Algeria is bounded to the east by Tunisia and Libya; to the south by Niger, Mali, and Mauritania; to the west by Morocco and Western Sahara (which has been virtually incorporated by the former); and ▪ VAT 19.0% to the north by the Mediterranean Sea. The southern 80 percent of Algeria's land is in the Sahara ▪ Average applied tariff rate 9.4% Desert and almost completely uninhabited. The northern half of the desert is less arid than the southern half, and most of the region's oases (any fertile tract in the midst of a wasteland) are found here. 5 Source: Avalara, PWC, index of economic freedom, export.gov, santander trade With a population of 2.8 million, Algiers is the largest urban area in Algeria Population in major urban areas in millions Land use in % of total area 2.8 Arable land Forest area Permanent cropland Other 0.9 0.8% 95.6% 3.1% 0.4% Algiers Oran The current population of Algeria is 44.14 million people 3.1% of Algeria's area is used as arable land, 0.8% is forest and based on projections of the latest United Nations data. 0.4% is permanent cropland. 6 Source: Pew Research Center 2015, CIA 2020, World Bank 2019, worldpopulationreview Population projected to reach 55.6 million by 2040 The population of Algeria was 43.1 million in 2019 according to UN data. From 2022 on, its growth rate is forecasted to be 1.1% per year and until it reaches 55.6 million by 2040. Population projection1 in thousand 55,640 54,059 52,494 50,908 49,226 47,388 45,350 +37.2% 43,053 40,551 2016 2019 2022 2025 2028 2031 2034 2037 2040 1: The medium fertility variant assumes that total fertility will eventually converge toward a level of 1.85 children per woman 7 Source: UN DESA 2019, Statista 2020 56.3% of the population were between the age of 20 and 64, more than half of them were men Population distribution in 2019, in % Male Female Age group 0.6 80+ 0.7 0.5 75-79 0.6 0.8 70-74 0.8 Σ 28.3% Σ 27.9% 1.3 65-69 1.2 1.6 60-64 1.5 2.0 55-59 1.9 2.3 50-54 2.3 2.7 45-49 2.7 3.4 40-44 3.4 4.0 35-39 4.0 4.4 30-34 4.3 4.3 25-29 4.2 3.7 20-24 3.5 3.4 15-19 3.2 4.3 10-14 4.1 5.3 5-9 5.1 6.0 0-4 5.7 Reading support: 3.4% of the population is female and between the age of 40 and 44. 8 Source: UN DESA 2019, Statista 2020 1.2 INFRASTRUCTURE 9 54.4% used the internet and there were 113.1 mobile cellular subscriptions per 100 people Internet penetration1 in 2019 Mobile phone subscriptions2 Fixed broadband subscriptions3 per 100 inhabitants in 2019 per 100 inhabitants in 2019 7.6 54.4% 113.1 107.3 49.6% 5.5 Algeria North Africa Algeria North Africa Algeria North Africa 1: Share of individuals who have used the Internet (from any location) in the last 3 months 2: Subscriptions to a public mobile telephone service that provide access to the PSTN using cellular technology 3: Fixed subscriptions to high-speed access to the public internet at downstream speeds equal to or greater than 256 kbit/s 10 Source: ITU 2019, Statista 2020 Quality of trade- and transport-related infrastructure was lower than the regional average Quality of trade- and transport-related infrastructure1 Regarding the quality of trade- and transport-related infrastructure, Algeria scored an average of 2.4 out of 5 compared to the region average of 2.5 based on the World Bank Logistics Performance Index in 2018. 2.8 2.6 2.7 With respect to freight transportation, figures for maritime transport in 2.6 2018 amounted to 1.5 million TEU in 2018. 2.4 2.5 Air cargo volume amounted to 28.3 million ton-km in 2018. Freight transportation2 3 1.5 million TEU in 2018 Algeria North Africa 28.3 million ton-km in 2018 2014 2016 2018 1: Logistics Performance Index (5 = high, 1 = low); logistics professionals' perception of a country's quality of trade- and transport-related infrastructure (e.g., ports, railroads, roads, information technology). Scores are averaged across all respondents 2: Ton-kilometer = cargo weight transported times distance transported, TEU = Twenty-foot equivalent unit (standard-size container) 3: Container port traffic 11 Source: World Bank 2019 Algeria sports 2 major airport – flight time from the U.S. ca. 10 hours Major airports in Algeria1 Flight times from regional hubs in hours (no. of stops) ▪ Houari Boumediene Airport, Algiers Regions Hub ALG ▪ Airport code: ALG 9:45 North America New York City, the U.S. (JFK) ▪ Distance to city center: 16 km (1) ▪ Ahmed Ben Bella Airport, Oran Latin America & 15:20 São Paulo, Brazil (GRU) Caribbean (1) ▪ Airport code: ORN ▪ Distance to city center: 13 km Europe & Central 4:35 London, the UK (LHR) Asia (1) 16:35 East Asia & Pacific Hong Kong, Hong Kong (HKG) (1) 12:40 South Asia Delhi, India (DEL) (1) Middle East & 7:10 Dubai, the UAE (DXB) North Africa (0) 14:35 Sub-Saharan Africa Johannesburg, South Africa (JNB) (1) 1: Busiest airports by number of Passengers-International Civil Aviation Organization 2: Most direct and fastest routes are considered. Flight times for 17th July 2019-Google Flights; Information will be updated after flight schedule disruptions related to COVID-19 have been resolved Note: Distances to city center are based on the shortest route calculated by Google Maps and rounded to full kilometers 12 Source: Google Flights 2019, Google Maps 2019 2. EASE OF DOING BUSINESS 13 Algeria ranks 157 in Ease of Doing Business With an overall score of 48.6, Algeria ranks 157 among 190 economies according to the latest Ease of Doing Business Scoring published by the World Bank. The score of Algeria increased from 48.5 in 2019. Ease of doing business scores per topic in 2020 78 72 65 54 55 49 49 44 38 20 10 Overall Starting a Dealing with Getting Registering Getting Credit Protecting Paying Trading across Enforcing Resolving Business Construction Electricity Property Minority TaxesNegative Borders Contracts Insolvency Permits Investors 14 Source: World Bank 2020 Almost 17,000 new business registered in Algeria in 2020 Compared to the average in North Africa, Algeria scores higher in the categories Starting a business (78.0), Enforcing contacts (54.8) and Getting credit (10.0). New businesses registered Ease of doing business score2 in 2020 +0.7%1 Starting a business 16,402 16,608 16,775 86.0 15,833 16,147 Enforcing contracts 78.0 Getting credit 54.8 52.9 37.0 10.0 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 Algeria North Africa 1: CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate / average growth rate per year 2: 0 = lowest performance, 100 = best performance 15 Source: World Bank 2019, Statista 2020 It takes 18.0 days to start a business in Algeria compared to the regional average of 19.7 days Business administration in 2019 Time needed Time needed Time needed to fulfill Time needed to resolve to start a business1 to register property tax requirements insolvency2 Algeria 18.0 days 55.0 days 265.0 hours 1.3 years North Africa 19.7 days 39.4 days 333.8 hours 2.1 years Delivery in 2019 Time needed Time needed Efficiency of to export3 to import3 customs clearance4 Algeria 149.1 hours 96.0 hours 2.1 North Africa 88.0 hours 107.0 hours 2.3 1: Number of calendar days needed to complete the procedures to legally operate a business 2: Number of years from the filing for insolvency in court until the resolution of distressed assets 3: Time associated with compliance with the documentary requirements of all government agencies of the origin economy, the destination economy and any transit economies 4: In 2018, includes e.g., speed, simplicity, and predictability of customs 16 clearance (5 = high efficiency, 1 = low efficiency); Source: World Bank 2019, Statista 2020 Export and investment opportunities in Algeria Opportunity through the combination of rising spending power among Key oil and gas fields require investment and technology to increase the Algerian population and a growing demand for foreign goods production and future exploration With Algeria’s large area, climate and water table, the country’s Opportunities for foreign companies to provide training in scientific and agricultural sector has huge potential technical equipment, techniques for improving production, productivity and quality in agricultural products and fisheries The country pledges to diversify its economy, attracting investment and strengthening the competitiveness of its enterprises 17 Algeria has higher cost to export and import than peer countries Trading across borders (Cost in USD), 2019 Trading across borders (Time in hours), 2019 593.0 210.0 512.5 441.8 149.0 409.0 400.0 374.0 262.6 94.2 96.0 240.7 80.0 72.5 66.4 52.5 Cost to export: Cost to export: Cost to import: Cost to import: Time to export: Time to export: Time to import: Time to import: Border compliance Documentary compliance Border compliance Documentary compliance Border compliance Documentary compliance Border compliance Documentary compliance Algeria Algeria Middle East & North Africa Middle East & North Africa Compared to the region, Algeria has mostly higher cost to export and Compared to the region, trading across borders in Algeria takes mostly import more time 18 Source: World Bank Important information about business culture in Algeria Communication standards Business meeting procedures ▪ Direct communication is widely accepted as the standard business ▪ Algerians prefer organized and systematic meeting procedures.