Volcano Book Directions Make a 3-tab book Using UNLINED Paper The first tab – Cinder cones Second tab – Shield Volcanoes Third tab – Composite Volcanoes Volcano Book Directions Closed book should look like this. TITLE, Be creative CLOSED BOOK NO COMPUTER GENERATED PICTURES OR NOTES. EVERYTHING must be hand-written / hand-drawn. Student Name & Class pd Name and class period must be on the front cover page. Cinder Cones Shield Volcano Composite Volcano Back of Cover Page Book open to Draw, Color & Label a Cinder Cone Volcano st 1 tab List 3-5 Facts about Cinder Cone Volcanoes Cinder Cones Shield Volcano Composite Volcano Volcano Book Directions Cinder cones are the most abundant volcanoes. Cinder cones are the smallest and most abundant volcanoes. When large amounts of gas are trapped in magma, violent eruptions occur—vast quantities of hot ash and lava are thrown from the vent. These particles then fall to the ground around the vent and form the cone. Cinder cones tend to be active for only a short time and then become dormant. Paricutín (pah ree koo TEEN), a volcano in Mexico, is a cinder cone. Paricutín erupted in 1943. After just two years, the volcano’s cone had grown to a height of 450 m (1,480 ft). The eruptions finally ended in 1952. Volcanoes form not only on land but also under the oceans. In shallow water, volcanoes can erupt violently. As a result, clouds of ash and steam form. An underwater volcano is called a seamount and looks like a composite volcano. Cinder cone 1. steep-sided; 300 m or less 2. piles of ash, cinders and rocks 3. very little lava; felsic lava flows; mostly ash 4. explosive eruptions 5. occurs at subduction boundaries 6. common in Arizona and Mexico 7. EX: Sunset Crater in Arizona Volcano Book Directions Shield volcanoes have mild eruptions. Magma rich in iron and magnesium is very fluid and forms lava that tends to flow great distances. The eruptions are usually not very explosive and can occur several times. The buildup of this kind of lava produces a gently sloping mountain, or shield volcano. Shield volcanoes are some of the largest volcanoes. Mauna Loa in Hawaii is a shield volcano. Mauna Loa’s summit is more than 4,000 m (13,000 ft) above sea level and more than 9,020 m (29,500 ft) above the sea floor. Shield 1. looks like a shield 2. lava is dark colored; low dilica content 3. mafic lava flows; steady supply of lava 4. gases escape easily so no great explosion 5. largest volcanoes on Earth 6. Hot spots 7. common Hawaii 8. EX: Muana Loa Hawaii Volcano Book Directions Composite volcanoes have trapped gas. Composite volcanoes are made of alternating layers of ash, cinders, and lava. The magma in a composite volcano is thick and rich in silica. Gases are also trapped in the magma. As a result, eruptions in these volcanoes alternate between lava flows and explosive activity that produces cinders and ash. Composite volcanoes are typically thousands of meters high and have much steeper slopes than shield volcanoes. Japan’s Mount Fuji is a composite volcano. Mount Hood, Mount Rainier, Mount St. Helens, and Mount Shasta, all in the western United States, are also composite volcanoes. Composite 1. combination of the above two; lava, ash & mud in alternating layers 2. larger than cindercones 3. most explosive 4. mostly felsic lava but a little of both types of flows; light color 5. layers of ash and lava 6. subduction 7. EX: Mt. Fujiyama, Japan; Mt St. Helens .