Alkali Earth Metals are reactive and readily form compounds but are not found free in nature. Their oxides are called alkali earths. In pure form, they are soft and somewhat brittle metals. elements.wlonk.com Solid The color of the symbol is Solid The color of the symbol is the color of the element in the color of the element in The Periodic Table Liquid its most common pure form. Liquid its most common pure form. Examples metallic solid Examples metallic solid Gas red liquid Gas red liquid of the Elements, at room colorless gas at room colorless gas in Pictures and Words temperature temperature Human Body Human Body H top ten elements by weight top ten elements by weight Noble Gases Alkali Earth Metals Nonmetals Alkali Metals Earth's Crust Earth's Crust Halogens Metalloids top eight elements by weight top eight elements by weight Magnetic Magnetic Transition Metals Poor Metals ferromagnetic at room temperature ferromagnetic at room temperature Noble Metals Noble Metals Superheavy Elements corrosion-resistant corrosion-resistant Radioactive Radioactive Rare Earth Metals all isotopes are radioactive all isotopes are radioactive Actinide Metals Only Traces Found in Nature Only Traces Found in Nature less than a millionth percent of earth's crust less than a millionth percent of earth's crust © 2005–2016 Keith Enevoldsen Never Found in Nature Never Found in Nature Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 only made by people only made by people International License elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com Atoms Nucleus of Particles Solid The color of the symbol is Solid The color of the symbol is protons and +1 Proton the color of the element in the color of the element in neutrons its most common pure form. its most common pure form. 0 Neutron Liquid Liquid -1 Electron Examples metallic solid Examples metallic solid Electron Gas red liquid Gas red liquid shells at room colorless gas at room colorless gas temperature temperature An atom has a nucleus, made of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons orbiting in cloud-like shells. Human Body Human Body Smaller shells are surrounded by larger shells. top ten elements by weight top ten elements by weight The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom. Earth's Crust Earth's Crust This determines the chemical properties of the atom. top eight elements by weight top eight elements by weight Protons have positive electric charge, neutrons are neutral, and electrons are negative. Normally, an atom Magnetic Magnetic ferromagnetic at room temperature ferromagnetic at room temperature has equal numbers of protons and electrons. An ion is a charged atom with more or fewer electrons than Noble Metals Noble Metals protons. corrosion-resistant corrosion-resistant The atomic weight of an element is the average number Radioactive Radioactive of protons plus neutrons. You can easily estimate the all isotopes are radioactive all isotopes are radioactive atomic weight: it is usually 2 to 2.5 times the atomic number. Only Traces Found in Nature Only Traces Found in Nature less than a millionth percent of earth's crust less than a millionth percent of earth's crust An element is a substance made from one or more atoms of the same atomic number. A compound is a substance Never Found in Nature Never Found in Nature made from two or more elements chemically bonded. only made by people only made by people elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com Hydrogen belongs to no Alkali Metals are very Alkali Earth Metals definite group. It forms reactive and readily form are reactive and readily compounds by either compounds but are not form compounds but are donating an electron like an found free in nature. They not found free in nature. alkali metal or accepting an form salts and alkali Their oxides are called electron like a halogen. (acid-neutralizing) alkali earths. In pure form, compounds such as baking they are soft and somewhat soda. In pure form, they brittle metals. are very soft metals which catch fire on contact with water. elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com brittle metals. andsomewhat they aresoft alkali earths.Inpureform, oxidesTheir arecalled not found freeinnature. form compoundsbutare are reactiveand readily Alkali EarthMetals H H Noble Gases Noble Gases Alkali EarthMetals Nonmetals Alkali EarthMetals Nonmetals elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com Alkali Metals Alkali Metals Halogens Halogens Metalloids Metalloids Transition Metals MetalsPoor Transition Metals MetalsPoor Superheavy Elements Superheavy Elements Rare Earth Metals Rare Earth Metals Actinide Metals Actinide Metals Alkali Metals Alkali H H Noble Gases Noble Gases Alkali EarthMetals Alkali EarthMetals Nonmetals Nonmetals Alkali Metals elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com Alkali Metals Alkali Metals Halogens Halogens Metalloids Metalloids Alkali EarthMetals Transition Metals MetalsPoor Transition Metals MetalsPoor Superheavy Elements Superheavy Elements Rare Earth Metals Rare Earth Metals Actinide Metals Actinide Metals are reactive and readily form compounds but are not found free in nature. Their oxides are called alkali earths. In pure form, they are soft andsomewhatbrittle earths.Inpureform,theyaresoft metals. arereactiveandreadilyformcompoundsbutnotfoundalkali freeinnature. oxidesarecalled Their H Chemical Bonding Atoms form molecules by bonding together. Atoms give, take, or share electrons to achieve full outer electron shells. Name Symbol H O H Atomic Na Cl Ag Ag innatureor whereitoccurs elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com Ag Ag Ag used How itis(orwas) Hydrogen H H Na+ Cl- O Ag Ag A No Group Salt Water Silver _____ium Widgets Ionic bond Covalent bond Metallic bond Symbols One atom takes an electron Atoms share their Shared outer electrons from another atom and the outer electrons. flow, conducting heat and oppositely charged ions electricity. attract. Groups number of Number Atomic Z Elements in the same group, or column, are similar because they protons typically have the same number of outer electrons. This table shows some easy-to-remember common numbers for each group. Group number 1 2 3-12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Outer electrons* 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Valence number* +1 +2 +2 +3 +4,-4 -3 -2 -1 0 * typical The valence number is the number of electrons given (+) or taken (-) when bonding. Halogens are reactive Noble Gases are Transition Metals are nonmetals and readily form inactive, or inert. Each typical metals: they are compounds but are not atom has exactly the strong, shiny, malleable found free in nature. They number of electrons it (they can be hammered into combine with alkali metals needs to have a full outer shape), flexible (in thin to form salts (halogen shell, so these atoms sheets or wires), and they means salt-former). almost never bond with conduct both heat and other atoms. That is why electricity. these are all gases. elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com Poor Metals are usually Metalloids are partly Nonmetals, in their solid soft and have low melting like metals and partly like state, are usually brittle temperatures. nonmetals. For example, (they break rather than they are semiconductors, bend) and they are which means they conduct insulators of both heat and electricity in some electricity. conditions. B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, and Te are metalloids. elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com Rare Earth Metals Actinide Metals are all Superheavy Elements are all soft metals. They radioactive heavy metals. are all radioactive and are chemically similar to They are used mainly for short-lived. They are never scandium and yttrium and their radioactive found in nature and have no are difficult to separate properties. uses except atomic from each other. research. elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com Transition Metals Noble Gases Halogens Noble Gases Halogens Transition Metals elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com Nonmetals Metalloids Poor Metals Nonmetals Metalloids MetalsPoor elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com Superheavy Elements Actinide Metals Rare Earth Metals Superheavy Elements Rare Earth Metals Actinide Metals elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com H 1 He 2 Li 3 Hydrogen Helium Lithium Sun and Stars Balloons Batteries elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com Be 4 B 5 C 6 Beryllium Boron Carbon Sports Basis of Life's Emeralds Equipment Molecules elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com N 7 O 8 F 9 Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Protein Air Toothpaste elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com Li Lithium 3 He Helium 2 H Hydrogen 1 lightest metal, inert gas, second explosive gas, soft, reactive; lightest element; lightest element; lightweight fuel for nuclear 90% of atoms in aluminum alloys, fusion in sun the universe, batteries, and stars, sun and stars, impact-resistant balloons, lasers, water (H20), ceramic cookware, supercold life's organic mood stabilizer refrigerant molecules elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com elements.wlonk.com C Carbon 6 B Boron 5 Be Beryllium 4 hard diamond, hard black solid; lightweight metal; soft graphite; borax soap, non-sparking basis of life's fertilizer, copper alloy tools, organic molecules, stiff fibers, aerospace, animals, plants, sports