Index A C Aberrant internal carotid artery , 70–71 Canal of Huguier , 23, 67, 136 Accessory cells , 120 Caroticotympanic artery , 69, 72 Aditus ad antrum , 30, 60, 88, 92, 93, 99, 109, 110, 117, 118 Caroticotympanic nerve , 38, 67, 68 AER . See Anterior epitympanic recess (AER) Carotid canal , 8, 14, 15, 36–39, 71, 72, 86, 119, 145, AML . See Anterior malleal ligament (AML) 147, 149 AMLF . See Anterior malleal ligamental fold (AMLF) dehiscence , 38 AMS . See Anterior malleal space (AMS) development , 36–37, 71 Annular ligament , 39, 40, 44, 52, 53, 55, 62, 63, 67 horizontal segment , 38–39 Annulus tympanicus , 30, 134 vertical segment , 38 Anterior epitympanic recess (AER) , 36, 71, 76, 77, 84, 96–99 Cartilage bar , 29 Anterior epitympanum , 77, 78, 96–98, 101, 137 Cavernous sinus , 27, 113, 115 Anterior malleal ligament (AML) , 10, 23, 26, 53, 58, 59, Cerebellopontine angle (CPA) , 127, 145 73, 75–79, 94 Cholesteatoma growth pattern , 100 Anterior malleal ligamental fold (AMLF) , 73–75, 78, 79, Chondrocranium , 1, 2 95, 98, 100 Chordal eminence (C.E.) , 31, 88, Anterior malleal process , 50 89, 136 Anterior malleal space (AMS) , 96–97 Chordal ridge , 30, 31, 89, 91 Anterior pouch of vonTröltsch , 74, 84, 101 Chorda tympani (CT) , 10, 23, 24, 31, 37, 46, 51, 57, Anterior saccule , 76, 84 58, 67, 68, 74, 76, 86–90, 110, 124–126, 129, Anterior suspensory ligament (ASL) , 58, 59 134–137 Anterior tympanic artery , 10, 23, 25, 59, 70–72 Chorda tympani nerve (CTN) injury , 136–137 Anterior tympanic isthmus , 78 Citelli angle , 117 Anterior tympanic spine , 22, 74, 75, 98, 101 Cochlear aqueduct , 16, 45 Anterior tympano-malleal fold , 74 Cochleariform process (CP) , 20, 33, 37–39, 41, 42, Antrum , 3, 7, 9, 11, 19, 28, 30, 32, 33, 35, 36, 51, 60, 85, 44, 66–69, 73, 75–79, 86, 92, 94, 96, 97, 129, 86, 88, 89, 92, 93, 99, 106, 107, 109–121 131, 151 Apical cells , 118–120 Cog , 32, 33, 36, 96–98 Arc-lied premastoid lamina , 112 Composite mucosal fold , 73 Arnold’s nerve , 10, 16, 126 Congenital cholesteatoma , 21 Ascending pharyngeal artery , 69–72, 151 CP . See Cochleariform process (CP) ASL . See Anterior suspensory ligament (ASL) CPA . See Cerebellopontine angle (CPA) Attic , 11, 19, 21–22, 30, 33, 36, 42, 43, 55, 56, 60, 64, Crista falciformis , 127 74–79, 84, 86, 89, 92–101, 110, 117 CT . See Chorda tympani (CT) Attical cholesteatoma , 22, 79, 99, 100 Attic outer wall , 4, 19, 21–22, 74, 92, 95, 99, 110, 146 Aural atresia , 5, 54, 64, 126 D Autophonia , 152, 153 Deep petrosal nerve , 129 Dehiscent jugular bulb (JBD), 28 Digastric groove , 108, 134 B Digastric notch , 15, 108 Bill’s bar , 127, 128 Digastric ridge , 113, 114, 118, 134, 135 Branchial arch , 2, 4, 31, 39, 50, 51, 65, 66, 83, 123, 124, Diploic mastoid , 120, 121 126, 141 Donaldson’s line , 112 Branchial groove , 141 Duplicate mucosal fold , 73 S. Mansour et al., Comprehensive and Clinical Anatomy of the Middle Ear, 155 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-36967-4, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2013 156 Index E Fulcrum , 88 Eagle’s syndrome , 9 Fundus , 127, 128 Embryogenesis base of skull , 70, 71 Embryogenesis chondrocranium , 1, 2 Embryogenesis incus , 3, 40, 54 G Embryogenesis malleus , 4, 40, 51, 54, 56 Geniculate ganglion , 14–15, 32, 72, 77, 96, 123–126, Embryogenesis neurocranium , 1–4 128–130, 136–138 Embryogenesis ossicular chain , 36, 49, 50, 65, 66, 84, Gerlach tonsils , 149 97, 100 Glaserian fi ssure , 10, 22, 23, 32, 36, 58 Embryogenesis petrous bone , 2–11, 13–15, 29, 32, 33, Glenoid fossa , 8, 11 37, 86, 119, 128 Glossopharyngeal nerve , 16, 26, 27, 67, 126, 151 Embryogenesis squamous bone , 2–4, 7–11, 13, 14, 21, Greater super fi cial petrosal nerve (GSPN) , 13–15, 67, 69, 32, 33, 105, 108 129–131, 137, 138 Embryogenesis stapedial muscle , 31, 51, 61, 65–67, 75, Gusher’s syndrome , 130, 131 78, 126, 133, 135 Embryogenesis stapes , 39, 40, 51, 55 Embryogenesis styloid process , 4, 7, 9, 15, 27, 31 H Embryogenesis temporal bone , 1–5 Hamulus , 150 Embryogenesis tensor tympani muscle , 36–38, 41–44, Hemifacial spasm , 127 57–59, 65–68, 71, 73, 75–79, 84, 86, 92–94, 130, Henle’s spine , 11, 109, 111 131, 136, 137, 145, 146, 149, 151 High jugular bulb (HJB) , 28, 86, 91 Embryogenesis tympanic bone , 1–5 Hinge portion of the Eustachian tube , 149 Eminentia arcuata, 13 Hyperacusis , 67 Endochondral ossi fi cation , 1, 2, 32, 41, 52, 53 Hypotympanic air cells , 28, 87 Endolymphatic sac , 11, 12, 112 Hypotympanic fi ssure , 3, 26, 67, 69 Epibranchial microplacodes , 123 Hypotympanotomy , 27, 28, 31, 87, 88 Epitympanic dysventilation , 77, 99 Hypotympanum , 19, 26–28, 31, 37, 38, 45, 69, 72, 83, Epitympanum , 30, 38, 41, 43, 51, 55, 58, 77, 78, 83, 85–88, 101 92–101, 118, 137 Eustachian tube , 2, 19, 66, 83, 107, 131, 141–153 dysfunction , 120, 152–153 I embryogenesis , 54–55 IAC . See Internal auditory canal (IAC) isthmus , 14, 146, 151 Iatrogenic facial nerve injury , 132 postnatal development , 143–145 ICA . See Internal carotid artery (ICA) Incudal buttress , 30, 88, 89, 135 Incudal fossa , 30, 43, 60, 61, 88 F Incudomalleal articulation , 64 Facial hiatus , 14, 69, 70, 72, 138 Incudostapedial articulation , 64–65 Facial nerve , 7, 20, 51, 84, 105, 123–138, 146 Incus , 3, 4, 20, 24, 28, 30, 40, 50–61, 63–67, 72, 75, 77, decompression , 128, 138 78, 84–90, 92, 94, 95, 98–100, 110, 112, 114, dehiscence , 126 117, 118, 124, 129, 132–136 embryogenesis , 40, 123–126 Inferior incudal space , 85, 95, 99, 100 paresis after embolization , 138 Inferior petrosal sinus , 12, 16, 27, 113, 115 rerouting , 138 Inferior tympanic artery , 26, 27, 69–72 Facial recess , 31, 43, 85, 88–90, 136 Inferior tympanic canaliculus , 26, 27, 69–71 Facial sinus , 89, 91 Inferior wall , 3, 6, 19, 23, 26–29, 86, 87, 132, 148 Fallopian aqueduct (Fallopian canal) , 8, 41, 69, 72, 94, Infracochlear approach , 87 112, 113, 126–137 Infralabyrinthine tract , 87, 107 First genu , 129 Infratemporal fossa , 23, 67, 136, 152 First pharyngeal pouch , 50, 83, 125, 141 Interhyale , 29, 51, 66 Fissula ante fenestram , 40, 44 Internal auditory canal (IAC) , 7, 8, 12, 13, 19, 20, 107, Fissula post fenestram , 44 112, 113, 119, 127–130, 137 Footplate , 37, 39–41, 44–47, 50–53, 55, 57, 61–63, 67 Internal carotid artery (ICA) , 8–10, 15, 16, 20, 27, Foramen lacerum , 15, 149 36–39, 68–72, 110, 143, 144, 146, 150 Foramen of Huschke , 6, 7 Internal maxillary artery , 23, 25, 68–72 Foramen ovale , 67, 148 Intramembranous ossi fi cation , 2, 4 Foramen rotandum , 147 Isthmus , 14, 53, 78–79, 93, 94, 97, 99, 101, 146, 148, 151 Foramen spinosum , 69, 70, 147, 148 Iter chordæ anterus , 23, 24 Fossa of Rosenmuller , 149 Iter chordæ posterus , 23, 24, 31, 67 Index 157 J pneumatization phases , 107–108 Jacobson’s nerve , 16, 27, 43, 67, 68, 72 process , 2–10, 89, 105–121, 126 Jugular bulb (JB) , 12, 26–29, 86–88, 91, 112, 113, 115, segment , 27, 28, 90, 112–113, 119, 126, 127, 132–138 116, 119, 134 MCF . See Middle cranial fossa (MCF) anomalies , 28 Meatal segment , 128 development , 26–27 Meckel’s cartilage , 2, 4, 5, 50, 53 diverticulum , 29 Medial attic , 56, 76, 94, 97, 99, 100 Jugular foramen , 15, 16, 26, 27, 43 Medial incudal fold (MIF) , 73–76, 78, 79, 94, 95, 100 Jugulo-carotid spine , 16 Medial pterygoid plate , 147, 148, 150 Medial saccule , 84, 85 Medial wall , 19, 27, 37–47, 55, 57, 67, 74, 86, 87, 92, K 110, 111, 117, 129, 145, 151 Korner’s septum , 5, 84, 85, 106, 117 Meningoencephalocele , 32 Mesotympanum , 34, 41, 42, 44, 77–79, 83, 85, 88, 93, 95, 97, 99–101 L Middle cranial fossa (MCF) , 8, 11–13, 32–34, 67, 69, Labyrinthine segment , 14, 128–130, 133 113, 115–117, 128, 129, 131 Lamina stapedialis , 52 Middle cranial fossa approach , 13, 15, 33, 131 Lateral incudomalleal fold (LIMF) , 73–79, 94, 95, 100 Middle ear mechanics , 49, 50, 58 Lateral malleal ligamental fold , 73–75 Middle fossa dura , 109, 116 Lateral malleal space (LMS) , 74, 75, 94, 95, 99, 100 Middle meningeal artery (MMA) , 10, 13, 58, 68–72, Lateral semicircular canal , 28, 30, 35, 36, 39, 41–44, 71, 110, 138, 146, 147 73, 75–79, 88–90, 92, 94, 111, 112, 114, MIF . See Medial incudal fold (MIF) 117–119, 129–137 Mobius syndrome , 135 Lateral sinus , 111 Lateral suspensory ligament (LSL) , 58, 59 Lateral tympanic sinus , 89–91 N Lateral wall , 2, 3, 8, 11, 19–26, 36, 37, 40, 52, 72, 74, Nasopharynx , 141, 145, 148, 149, 151, 152 86, 92, 99, 101, 110, 145 Nervous spinosus (V3) , 26, 150, 151 Laterohyale , 29, 124, 125 Nervus intermedius , 125–128, 135 Lenticular process , 59–61, 63, 65 Neurocranium , 1–4 Lesser petrosal super fi cial nerve , 68, 126 Notch of Rivinus , 6, 9, 10, 22, 24, 58 Levator veli palatine muscle , 142, 150 LIMF . See Lateral incudomalleal fold (LIMF) LMS . See Lateral malleal space (LMS) O Long process of the incus , 50, 53, 55, 57, 58, 60, 61, 63, Obturator foramen , 61, 69 65, 67, 75, 85, 95, 99, 100 Ossicular chain , 37, 49, 50, 65, 66, 84, 97, 100 Long process of the incus necrosis , 61 Ossicular chain trauma , 65 Lower lateral attic , 75, 95, 100 Ossicular malformation , 54, 55 Lower unit , 77, 92, 93, 98–101 Ostium of the eustachian tube , 151 LSL .