AIX Version 7.2 Operating system management IBM Note Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices” on page 397. This edition applies to AIX Version 7.1 and to all subsequent releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in new editions. © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2010, 2018. US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents About this document..............................................................................................v Highlighting...................................................................................................................................................v Case-sensitivity in AIX................................................................................................................................. v ISO 9000.......................................................................................................................................................v Operating system management..............................................................................1 Operating system administration................................................................................................................ 1 Available system management interfaces.............................................................................................1 Software vital product data....................................................................................................................2 Operating system updates..................................................................................................................... 2 System startup........................................................................................................................................3 System backup..................................................................................................................................... 19 Shutting down the system....................................................................................................................46 System environment............................................................................................................................ 47 AIX Usage Metric (SLM tags) for ILMT................................................................................................. 58 AIX Runtime Expert..............................................................................................................................59 Commands and processes.................................................................................................................121 Managing system hang ......................................................................................................................140 Process management........................................................................................................................ 143 System accounting.............................................................................................................................150 System Resource Controller.............................................................................................................. 176 Operating system files....................................................................................................................... 181 Operating system shells.....................................................................................................................199 Operating system security................................................................................................................. 299 User environment...............................................................................................................................312 BSD systems reference......................................................................................................................326 Input and output redirection............................................................................................................. 347 AIX kernel recovery............................................................................................................................354 AIX Event Infrastructure for AIX and AIX clusters-AHAFS.................................................................... 355 Introduction to the AIX Event Infrastructure....................................................................................355 AIX Event Infrastructure components.............................................................................................. 356 Setting up the AIX Event Infrastructure............................................................................................ 358 High-level view of how the AIX Event Infrastructure works.............................................................358 Using the AIX Event Infrastructure................................................................................................... 360 Monitoring events...............................................................................................................................360 Pre-defined event producers.............................................................................................................373 Cluster events.....................................................................................................................................386 Pre-defined event producers for a Cluster Aware AIX instance ...................................................... 387 Notices..............................................................................................................397 Privacy policy considerations..................................................................................................................398 Trademarks.............................................................................................................................................. 399 Index................................................................................................................ 401 iii iv About this document This document provides users and system administrators with complete information that can affect your selection of options when performing such tasks as backing up and restoring the system, managing physical and logical storage, sizing appropriate paging space, and so on. It provides complete information about how to perform such tasks as managing logical volumes, storage, and resources. System users can learn how to perform such tasks as running commands, handling processes, handling files and directories, and basic printing. Other topics useful to users and system administrators include creating and resizing paging space, managing virtual memory, backing up and restoring the system, managing hardware and pseudodevices, using the System Resource Controller (SRC), securing files, using storage media, customizing environment files, and writing shell scripts. This document is also available on the documentation CD that is shipped with the operating system. Highlighting The following highlighting conventions are used in this document: Bold Identifies commands, subroutines, keywords, files, structures, directories, and other items whose names are predefined by the system. Also identifies graphical objects such as buttons, labels, and icons that the user selects. Italics Identifies parameters whose actual names or values are to be supplied by the user. Identifies examples of specific data values, examples of text similar to what you Monospace might see displayed, examples of portions of program code similar to what you might write as a programmer, messages from the system, or information you should actually type. Case-sensitivity in AIX Everything in the AIX® operating system is case-sensitive, which means that it distinguishes between uppercase and lowercase letters. For example, you can use the ls command to list files. If you type LS, the system responds that the command is not found. Likewise, FILEA, FiLea, and filea are three distinct file names, even if they reside in the same directory. To avoid causing undesirable actions to be performed, always ensure that you use the correct case. ISO 9000 ISO 9000 registered quality systems were used in the development and manufacturing of this product. © Copyright IBM Corp. 2010, 2018 v vi AIX Version 7.2: Operating system management Operating system management System administrators and users can learn how to perform such tasks as running commands, handling processes, handling files and directories, backing up and restoring the system, managing physical and logical storage, and basic printing. Other topics useful to users and system administrators include creating and re-sizing paging space, managing virtual memory, backing up and restoring the system, managing hardware and pseudo devices, using the System Resource Controller (SRC), securing files, using storage media, customizing environment files, and writing shell scripts. This topic is also available on the documentation CD that is shipped with the operating system. Operating system management is the task of an individual who is usually referred to, in UNIX literature, as the system administrator. Unfortunately, only a few system administrator activities are straightforward enough to be correctly called administration. This and related guides are intended to help