Archaeological Assessment of Self Farm / Crater Hill Papatoetoe, Auckland 1 September 2015 Prepared for: Self Family Trust 1 Tidal Road Papatoetoe AUCKLAND Prepared by: Geometria Limited 3/3 Margaret Street Freemans Bay Auckland 1045 Self Farm Archaeological Assessment Quality Information Document: Self Farm Archaeological Assessment Ref: 2015-13 Date: 1 September 2015 Prepared by: Russell Gibb Revision History Revision Revision Date Details Authorized Name Draft 13 July 2015 Drafted Gibb Minor edits 13 July 2015 Reviewed by Carpenter Final Draft 16th July Distributed Gibb Corrections 1 September 2015 Distribution Gibb © GEOMETRIA Limited 2015 The information contained in this document produced by GEOMETRIA Limited is solely for the use of the Client identified on the cover sheet for the purpose for which it has been prepared and GEOMETRIA Limited undertakes no duty to nor accepts any responsibility to any third party who may rely upon this document. All rights reserved. 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File ref.: 2015/Self_Family_Trust/20150713_Self_Farm_Assessment Geometria 2015 2 Self Farm Archaeological Assessment CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 6 1.1 Location ......................................................................................................................... 6 1.2 Statutory Requirements ................................................................................................ 8 1.2.1 The Heritage New Zealand Pouhere Taonga Act 2014 ..................................... 8 1.2.1 The Resource Management Act 1991 ................................................................. 9 1.3 Methodology ................................................................................................................. 9 2.0 BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................ 10 2.1 Physical Environment .................................................................................................. 10 2.2 Maori History ................................................................................................................. 13 2.3 European History ......................................................................................................... 18 2.4 Archaeological Background ..................................................................................... 27 2.4.1 Nga Kapua Kohu Ora - Crater Hill ...................................................................... 27 2.4.2 Archaeological Sites Proximate to the Self Farm .............................................. 54 2.4.4 Site Visit .................................................................................................................. 63 3.0 ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND OTHER VALUES ..................................................................... 75 3.1 Assessment Criteria ..................................................................................................... 75 3.2 Other Values ................................................................................................................ 78 3.2.1 Private Plan Change 35 and the Puhinui Master Plan ..................................... 78 3.2.2 Manu Whenua Sites .............................................................................................. 81 4.0 ASSESSMENT OF AFFECTS ................................................................................................ 85 5.0 DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................................... 87 6.0 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................ 92 7.0 RECOMMENDATIONS AND MITIGATION ....................................................................... 93 8.0 SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................... 94 9.0 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................... 95 10.0 APPENDICES ................................................................................................................... 98 Appendix 1: Crater Hill Soil Drainage map. Source: Landcare Research S-map Online 2015. ....................................................................................................................... 98 Appendix 2: ‘Duplicating Plant - Communist Literature -Discovery at Papatoetoe’. New Zealand Herald 5 September 1945 ...................................................................... 100 .......................................................................................................................................... 100 Appendix 3: Listing 22 for Crater Hill in the PAUP Appendix 3.1: Schedule for the Outstanding Natural Features. ...................................................................................... 101 Appendix 4: SN 139 G/9 flown 29/12/39. New Zealand Aerial Mapping 1939. ....... 102 TABLES Table 1: Archaeological site types recorded by Sullivan (1975). .................................... 30 Table 2: Overview of Self Farm archaeological sites, 2015 (Archsite, 2015). ................. 44 Table 3: Significance assessment table comparing Campbell et al (2013) and Geometria (2015) assessments. ................................................................................... 76 Geometria 2015 3 Self Farm Archaeological Assessment FIGURES Figure 1: Location and extent of the Self Farm, Crater Hill, Papatoetoe. ........................ 7 Figure 2: Titles comprising the Self Farm. .............................................................................. 7 Figure 3: Geological sketch map of the Otahuhu-Manurewa district of the Auckland ......................................................................................................................................... 11 Figure 4: The crater lake looking towards the west. ......................................................... 11 Figure 5: Looking northeast across the remnant base of the scoria cone. ................... 12 Figure 6: The Self Farm ca. 1986 looking southwest towards Pukaki Creek and Auckland International Airport. .................................................................................... 12 Figure 7: Progressive siltation and inundation of flora into the upper reaches of the western arm of the Waokauri Creek: 1939 left, 1959 centre and 2012 right. ......... 12 Figure 8: Section of SO 307 (1851). The ‘Native Settlement’ is shown in the top left corner. ............................................................................................................................. 14 Figure 9: Section of Map showing sections and Native land on Manukau Harbour showing Maori settlement southwest of Pukaki Crater. Nixon, Marmaduke George. MapColl-832.12gbbd/[186-]/Acc.427. Alexander Turnbull Library, Wellington, New Zealand. ............................................................................................ 15 Figure 10: SO 235 (1866). The urupa is located on the eastern tip of allotment 160 and the Pukaki Chapel site is on the western peninsula of allotment 154. .................... 16 Figure 11: SO 238 (1866) showing the Papahinau Block. ................................................. 17 Figure 12: The Fairburn purchase. Source: Moore et al. 1997. ......................................... 18 Figure 14: Plan titled Map of the Papatoetoe Road District as it was in 1885, when the south boundary was extended, drawn by Ivy Smytheman in 1955 (Manukau Research Library, Auckland Libraries, SARC0000134901685). .................................. 19 Figure 15: Plan SO 238a (ca 1866) showing the location of ‘Mr Buckland’s Chimney’ - indicated by the shaded circle, lower right. Source: Quickmap 2015. .................. 20 Figure 16: Overlay of plan SO 238a and 2015 aerial showing the location of Buckland’s chimney in relation to Crater Hill and the Self farmhouse. ................... 21 Figure 18: Ploughing the fields, March 1996. Photo: Self Family Trust. ............................. 23 Figure 19: Plan SO 5210 (1889) with the scoria cone now shown as a quarry. .............. 24 Figure 20: Crater Hill in 1930 looking east with the crater-lake behind the farm shed. Photo: Self Family Trust. ................................................................................................. 25 Figure 21: Looking northeast over Crater Hill showing the advance of the quarry northwards towards the crater rim ca. 1965. By this date the scoria cone had been completely quarried away. Photo: Self Family Trust. ...................................... 25 Figure 23: Filling of the quarry in progress in 2000. Photo: Self Family Trust. .................... 26 Figure 24: Crater Hill, 1939 (Source: Opus 2015). ............................................................... 27 Figure 25: Crater Hill, 1959 (Source: Auckland City CHI 2015) ......................................... 28 Figure 26: Crater Hill quarry ca. 1958. Source Auckland University Digitool 2015. ......... 28 Figure 27: Distribution of sites recorded by Sullivan (1975). Note the numbering system shown here is her original numbering